Pesticide residues analysis in passion fruit and its processed products by LC–MS/MS and GC–MS/MS: Method validation, processing factors and dietary risk assessment
2022
A method for the determination of 80 pesticides (including five metabolites) in passion fruit using ethyl acetate extraction and dispersive solid-phase extraction followed by LC–MS/MS and GC–MS/MS was validated at LOQ of 0.005 or 0.010 mg kg⁻¹ (70 to 120% recovery; RSD ≤ 20%). Fifty-five passion fruit samples were obtained from producers, and 30 samples of frozen pulp and 12 samples of flour purchased. About 27% of the pesticides were detected; at least one in 60% of the peel samples, mainly imidacloprid and carbendazim (max. of 0.274 mg kg⁻¹). Median processing factor was 0.5 for washed peel and 6.5 for dried peel (flour). About 63% of frozen pulp samples were positive, and 4 flour samples contained residues, mainly methamidophos. About 70% of the detected pesticides are not authorized in passion fruit in Brazil. Chronic and acute exposure from the consumption of passion fruit products did not indicate a health concern.
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