Mycorrhizal fungi at eighteen apple rootstock plantings in the united states
1985
Vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizas of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) from 18 sites in the USA were examined. Species of Endogonaceae were identified from soil, and their relative abundance determined from spore extractions. There were no evident patterns in geographic distribution of fungi. A range of three to eight species was found among sites, Glomus being more common in number of species and spores than Gigaspora, Acaulospora, or Sclerocystis. Pot cultures made with soil from some sites yielded species not recovered by sieving. Colonizing ability of all fungi isolated was assessed with apple and sorghum. Colonization potential of soils was determined by dilution techniques with apple as the host. Roots from all sites were endomycorrhizal, but not ectomycorrhizal. Proportion and intensity of colonization were negatively correlated with soil Zn and, at most sites, P levels. Colonization of rootstock clones varied among, but not within sites. Soil colonization potential was highly correlated with degree of root colonization in the field, and there was no evidence that any location lacked adequate inoculum potential for apple.
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