Separation of bioactive compounds from epicarp of ‘Hass’ avocado fruit through aqueous two-phase systems
2020
Jiménez-Velázquez, Perla | Valle Guadarrama, Salvador | Alia-Tejacal, Iran | Salinas-Moreno, Yolanda | García-Cruz, Leticia | Pérez-López, Artemio | Guerra-Ramírez, Diana
The industrialisation of ‘Hass’ avocado fruit generates residues such as the epicarp that contains bioactive compounds that can be recovered. The objective of the work was to evaluate the extraction of bioactive compounds from ‘Hass’ avocado epicarp through aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) in order to increase the added value of the fruit. ATPS based on polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG4000) with sodium citrate (Na₃Cit) or magnesium sulphate (MgSO₄) were evaluated, both incorporated with lyophilised epicarp of fruit at consumption maturity. Binodal phase diagrams were developed and the salting-out capacity of each system was assessed, which allowed explaining the systems separation behaviour. The extraction of compounds was equivalent to 89.9% in relation to a process based on methanol. Systems with 24.9–14.5% Na₃Cit–PEG4000 and 12.2–15.5% MgSO₄–PEG4000 were able to recover more than 82% of soluble phenols, flavonoids, and condensable tannins, from avocado peel, with high antioxidant activity. The epicarp of ‘Hass’ avocado fruit had low concentration of anthocyanins. ATPS showed utility in concentrating compounds by a non-thermal procedure.
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