Histological and cytological effects of haloxyfop on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and unicorn-plant (Proboscidea louisianica) root meristems
1989
Vaughn, S.F. | Merkle, M.G.
The effects of haloxyfop on elongation, mitotic index, and morphology of sorghum and unicorn-plant primary roots were examined. Elongation of sorghum roots was completely inhibited by haloxyfop concentrations of 10-6 M or greater 24 h after treatment, whereas unicorn-plant root elongation was unaffected by the same concentrations 72 h after treatment. Mitotic indices of sorghum roots were reduced by both 10-6 and 10-8 M haloxyfop, with the higher concentration reducing the index to near zero by 24 h of exposure. The mitotic indices of unicorn-plant roots were unaffected by the same levels of the herbicide after both 24- and 48-h treatment. Histological analyses showed that after 24 h exposure to 10-6 M haloxyfop, large vacuoles were present in cells at the root apex that normally did not exhibit these organelles. After 48 h of exposure many cells in the apical region appeared to lack visible cytoplasm and/or nuclei, and by 72 h only cell walls remained visibly evident, and many cells had collapsed. These changes are similar to those that occur in tissues undergoing senescence. Treatment of sorghum roots with 10-8 M haloxyfop did not cause discernible changes after 72 h. Unicorn-plant roots treated with 10-6 M haloxyfop appeared unaffected after 72 h.
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