Effects of temperature and larval diet on development of the beet armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
1992
Ali, A. | Gaylor, M.J.
The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), was reared at eight constant temperatures ranging from 15 to 38 degrees C on an artificial diet, smooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus, or cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. Developmental rates, survival, pupal weights, and number of stadia varied among diets. Both linear and nonlinear models were developed for the developmental rate of beet armyworm eggs, each stadium, and the entire larval and pupal stages on each diet. A developmental threshold of 12.42 +/- 1.58 degrees C was estimated for eggs. Larval developmental rates declined at 38 degrees C on all diets. Pupal developmental rates declined at 36 degrees C on all diets. Developmental thresholds were similar for all developmental categories on all diets and averaged 13.6 +/- 0.46 degrees C. The number of stadia increased at both high and low temperatures on all diets. Larvae took longer to develop, attained a lower pupal weight, and required a greater number of stadia on cotton than on artificial diet or pigweed.
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