Anti type I allergic property of Japanese butterbur extract and its mast cell degranulation inhibitory ingredients
2006
Shimoda, H. | Tanaka, J. | Yamada, E. | Morikawa, T. | Kasajima, N. | Yoshikawa, M.
Pollenosis is a disease that affects 1 in 10 of the Japanese population. During the season of cedar pollen dispersal, many patients suffer from symptoms such as sniffling, sternutation, and itching of the eyes. Japanese butterbur is a popular vegetable and is one of the few domestic vegetables in Japan. The anti type I allergic effects of an aqueous ethanol extract from aerial parts of Japanese butterbur (JBE) were evaluated in rats and RBL-2H3 mast cells. In the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in rats, a single oral treatment of JBE (1000 mg/kg) was found to suppress the reaction. In IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells, JBE (10-100 microgram/mL) inhibited beta-hexosaminidase release, leukotriene C4/D4/E4 synthesis, and TNF-alpha production. Moreover, a high concentration of JBE (1000 microgram/mL) suppressed smooth muscle constriction induced by histamine (10 micromolar) and leukotriene D4 (10 nM) in a guinea pig trachea strip. The search for components in JBE with an inhibitory activity on mast cell degranulation was guided by inhibition of beta-hexsosaminidase release. Two eremophilane-type sesquiterpenes, six polyphenolic compounds, and two triterpene glycosides were isolated. Of these compounds, fukinolic acid, a principal polyphenol constituent, showed potent inhibitory activity (IC50 value = 2.1 microgram/mL). Consequently, On the basis of its inhibition of mast cell activation and direct smooth muscle reaction induced by released mediators, JBE was found to suppress the type I allergic reaction.
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