Ecotrophic Structure of the Macromycete Biota of Introduced Tree Species Growing in Krasnoyarsk Green Spaces

Introduced woody plants are common for urban green spaces in Siberia. Their mycobiota is formed on the basis of widespread local species. A study of mycobiota associated with Populus balsamifera L., Acer negundo L., Ulmus pumila L., Prunus maackii Rupr., and Tilia cordata Mill. Has identified 105 species of mainly agaricoid macromycetes common for Siberia and characterized by a wide trophic and ecotope specialization. Many of these fungi are synanthropic organisms. The maximum (61) and minimum (16) number of macromycete species is generally associated with A. negundo and U. pumila, respectively. Mycobiota of all tree species, except for T. cordata, is composed mainly of wood-destroying species. More than a half of the wood-destroying fungi are able to function as parasites. In the case of introduced tree species growing in Krasnoyarsk green spaces, such fungi form fruit bodies on living trees, while in the case of native tree species growing outside the city, the fruiting of these fungi occurs only on dead trees. The maximum number of wood-destroying fungi (39 species) is associated with A. negundo, with the predominance of Flammulina velutipes (Curtis) Singer and Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.) P. Karst. The biota of ground-dwelling macromycetes associated with A. negundo and T. cordata is relatively rich (22 and 17 species, respectively). At the same time, a significant difference is observed in the ratio of ecotrophic groups forming this biota: the mycobiota associated with the first tree species is composed mainly of soil and litter saprotrophs (with the predominance of families Agaricaceae, Marasmiaceae, and Psathyrellaceae), while that associated with the last tree species include mainly mycorrhiza-forming fungi with the predominance of Inocybe spp. and the family Inocybaceae. In general, mycobiota of U. pumila and P. maackii is characterized by the minimum taxonomic and ecotrophic diversity among macromycetes observed in the green spaces formed by introduced tree species.