Freezing and Thawing Effects on Drainage
1970
Benoit, G. R. | Bornstein, J.
Laboratory studies were conducted on insulated models containing coarse sand (1–2 mm), fine sand (0.5–1 mm) and soil (0–2 mm and 2–4.8 mm) to determine the effects of freezing and thawing on sloping land drainage. Interrelations between structure and texture, rates and extent of ice formation, and rates and magnitudes of drainage were determined. Decreasing temperatures and subsequent ice formation decreased the relative mobility of water, thereby increasing water retention and decreasing rates of water transmission. The magnitude of the short-term, freeze-thaw effects on soil water retention and transmission was influenced by soil aggregate size, aggregate stability, and soil water content during freezing. On a long-term basis, drainage that results in a consistently lower water content during freeze-thaw cycles may lead to a changed soil structure and thus a changed drainage requirement.
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