Influence of calcination temperature on anatase to rutile phase transformation in TiO₂ nanoparticles synthesized by the modified sol–gel method
2012
Wetchakun, Natda | Incessungvorn, Burapat | Wetchakun, Khatcharin | Phanichphant, Sukon
Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles with different ratios of anatase to rutile transformation were synthesized by the modified sol–gel method. The optical properties were investigated by UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry. Phase transformation, crystallinity, and crystal structure of the calcined TiO₂ samples were derived from X-ray diffraction analysis. The morphology and particle size of TiO₂ were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) adsorption–desorption of nitrogen gas for specific surface area determination at the temperature of liquid nitrogen was performed on TiO₂ samples. TiO₂ nanoparticles calcined at 400°C for 3h possessed the highest specific surface area of 97m²g⁻¹. The temperature of anatase to rutile transformation was found between 500 and 600°C, and then completely transformed to rutile phase at 600°C. Average particle sizes of the nanoparticles were in the range of 10–50nm at calcination temperature between 400 and 600°C. At higher temperature clearly favored particles growth and agglomerates are corresponded to decrease specific surface area.
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