Evaluating the In vitro anti-cancer potential of estragole from the essential oil of Agastache foeniculum [Pursh.] Kuntze
2020
Lashkari, Ali | Najafi, Fatemeh | Kavoosi, Gholamreza | Niazi, Saeed
Estragole is a particular metabolite which belongs to the class of phenylpropanoids that can be found in the essential oil of Agastache foeniculum. Estragole with lipophilic nature was emulsified in glycerol monostearate (GMS) emulsifier. The rheological properties of GMS/estragole emulsion including; conductivity, viscosity, surface tension, zeta-potential, and particle size was determined. The cytotoxicity effects of GMS/estragole have been evaluated using 3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) −2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay on MCF-7 cell line followed by apoptosis assay using ethidium bromide (EB)/acridine orange (AO) staining, Annexin-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) staining and caspase-3 assay. The main component of A. foeniculum essential oil was estragole (97%). GMS/estragole elusion displayed low conductivity (234 μS/cm), low surface voltage (1.86 mN/m), low zeta-potential (−4.63 mV), nanoscale particle size (232 nm) and low viscosity (2.56 mPa s). Estragole exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxic activity in the monolayer culture of MCF7 cell line with the IC₅₀ values of 74 μg/mL. Staining with EB/AO showed apparent apoptotic morphological changes such as nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and destruction of cell membrane integrity in cells treated with estragole. Flow cytometry confirms that estragole significantly triggered apoptosis in the MCF-7 cell line. Estragole increased the activity of caspase-3 compared to the control untreated cells.
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