Effect of feeding water washed neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel cake on the quality, lipid profile and fatty acid composition of goat meat

Three groups of five indigenous male goats 5-6 months of age, were offered control concentrate mixture (Group I) and those of Groups II and III were fed experimental concentrates containing 15 and 25% of water washed neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel cake (NKC). After 180 days of feeding the goats were slaughtered. Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle from lumbar region was analysed for certain physico-chemical characteristics, organoleptic quality, detailed lipid profile and fatty acid composition; phosopholipids were fractionated into phosphatidyl inositide (PI), phosphatidyl serine (PS), lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC), lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine (LPE), sphingomyelin (SPH), phosphatidyl choline (PC) phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidic acid (PA). Fatty acids; capric, lauric, myristic, myristoleic, palmitic, palmitoleic, heptadecanoic, stearic, oleic, linoleic acid were also identified. Feeding of NKC did not affect slaughter weight and dressing out yield. The dressing percentage ranged between 42.2 and 43.8%. The pH, colour, moisture, total crude protein, different protein fractions; water extractable, salt extractable and content of NPN did not differ among the groups. There was a significant decrease in the total lipid content of LD of experimental groups. PC and PE were the major fractions accounting for 60% of total phospholipids. There was a significant increase in PC and LPC fractions while LPE+SPH, PE and PA fractions decreased in goats fed NKC. A significant increase was noticed in unsaturated fatty acid content and decrease in total saturates. It is concluded that NKC feeding has the ability of reducing lipid content and increasing the unsaturated fatty acids, which are considered to be beneficial in reducing the cholesterol level. It may be used beneficially as an alternative for costly conventional oil cakes for economic lean chevon production without affecting the quality of goat meat.