Crop residue incorporation alters soil nitrous oxide emissions during freeze–thaw cycles
2013
Pelster, David E. | Chantigny, Martin H. | Rochette, Philippe | Angers, Denis A. | Laganière, Jérôme | Zebarth, Bernie | Goyer, Claudia
Pelster, D. E., Chantigny, M. H., Rochette, P., Angers, D. A., Laganière, J., Zebarth, B. and Goyer, C. 2013. Crop residue incorporation alters soil nitrous oxide emissions during freeze–thaw cycles. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 415–425. Freeze–thaw (FT) cycles stimulate soil nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) mineralization, which may induce nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. We examined how soybean (Glycine max L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) residue incorporation affect N₂O emissions from high C content (35 g kg⁻¹) silty clay and low C content (19 g kg⁻¹) sandy loam soils over eight 10-d FT cycles, as a function of three temperature treatments [constant at +1°C (unfrozen control), +1 to −3°C (moderate FT), or +1 to −7°C (extreme FT)]. In unamended soils, N₂O emissions were stimulated by FT, and were the highest with extreme FT. This was attributed to the increased NO₃ availability measured under FT. Application of mature crop residues (C:N ratios of 75 for soybean and 130 for corn) caused rapid N immobilization, attenuating FT-induced N₂O emissions in the silty clay. In the sandy loam, residue addition also induced immobilization of soil mineral N. However, N₂O emissions under moderate FT were higher with than without crop residues, likely because N₂O production in this low-C sandy loam was stimulated by C addition in the early phase of incubation. We conclude that FT-induced N₂O emissions could be reduced through incorporation of mature crop residues and the subsequent immobilization of mineral N, especially in C-rich soils.
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