An assessment of human-wildlife conflicts in local communities bordering the western part of Save Valley Conservancy, Zimbabwe

Human-wildlife conflicts (HWCs) occur around the edges of protected areas where there are high human and wild animal interactions. Such is the case with Save Valley Conservancy (SVC), southern Zimbabwe, where reports of HWCs are increasing. We conducted an assessment of HWCs in local communities bordering the western part of SVC. The objectives of the assessment were threefold: (i) to determine the key wildlife species causing damage, (ii) to establish the nature and extent of conflicts experienced with wildlife, and (iii) to document techniques local people employ to minimize HWCs. A multi-stage sampling design was adopted and this combined purposive sampling (to select study wards); random sampling (to select villages) and systematic sampling to select households (n = 84). Data were collected through a household questionnaire survey and field reconnaissance visits in January and February 2016. Our results showed that out of the 10 species involved in conflict, the top three species in terms of number of reports were elephant (Loxodonta africana), lion (Panthera leo) and spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) across the study area. Crop raiding, livestock depredation and disease transmission to domestic livestock were reported as the three main HWC types. To alleviate HWC in the study site local people utilized a combination of non-lethal measures and lethal control. Nearly, all respondents rated HWC as a severe problem. To ameliorate HWCs in the area it is proposed that a multi-action approach be considered for adoption which include: (i) proper land use planning which zones key areas for livestock vs. wildlife production systems to reduce competition and overlap of interests and (ii) prompt, constant maintenance and repair of game fence especially along the western part of the conservancy.