Assessment of cation chemistry of groundwater near hospital wastes dumpsites in Umuahia Nigeria using multivariate and analytical index approach
2019
Ubuoh, E.A. | Ezenwa, L.I. | Ndukwu, M.C. | Emeka-Chris, C.C.
This study looked at the effects of hospital waste dumpsite on the water quality of selected boreholes near a hospital located in a densely populated area in South Eastern Nigeria. Multivariate and Index analytical approaches were used to differentiate and group the influence of hospital wastes on cations in groundwater resources in the study area. Results revealed significant concentrations of cations: Zn2+, Mn2+, Cr2＋ and Cd2+ in the selected boreholes at P>0.05 level of significance. The mean cations (mg/l) ranged between 2.15 ± 0.09; 2.72 ± 0.05; 4.20 ± 0.00; 1.15 ± 0.00; 0.014 ± 0.00; 0.56 ± 0.00 for Cu2+, Zn2+ , Mn2+, Cr2＋ , Cd2+, and Pb2+, respectively. Distribution pattern of mean values of cations in the selected boreholes were in decreasing order : Mn2+ > Zn2+ > Cu2+> Cr2＋ > Pb2+> Cd2+. The mean values of Cu2+ Cd2+, Mn2+, and Cr2＋ were above the WHO standard for drinking water in boreholes. Significant correlations existed between Zn2+ and Cu2+, Pb2+ and Mn2+, Pb2+ and Cr2＋, Cd2+ and Zn2+ and Cr2＋ and Mn2+ in boreholes. On, principal component analysis (PCA), factor 1 was positively loaded with Cd2+, and Zn 2+ originating from hospital waste dumpsite and incinerator flue gas, while factor 2 with negatively loaded Cd2+ and Zn2+ originated from basement complex. Contamination index (CPI) indicated that cations in boreholes varied between slight to severely contaminated status. Geo-accumulation (Igeo) of cations of sampled water varied between uncontaminated to moderately contaminated status.
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