Atomic-scale investigation of cation doping and defect clustering in the anti-perovskite Na₃OCl sodium-ion conductor [Erratum: June 2022, v.10(22); p.12278]
2022
Goldmann, Benedek A. | Clarke, Matt J. | Dawson, James A. | Saiful Islam, M.
Solid-state batteries present potential advantages over their liquid-based electrolyte equivalents, including enhanced safety and increased energy density. In the search for novel solid electrolytes, the anti-perovskite family of materials are attracting growing interest. However, while there is significant work on Li-rich anti-perovskites, their Na-based counterparts and the atomistic effects of aliovalent doping on these materials are not fully characterised. Here, we investigate the effects on Na-ion conductivity of doping with divalent (Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) and trivalent cations (Al and Ga), and of possible dopant-vacancy clustering in the anti-perovskite Na₃OCl by employing atomistic simulation techniques. Our results highlight the potential of Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Al³⁺ and Ga³⁺ doping due to their favourable incorporation and increased Na-ion vacancy concentration. Local defect clustering and binding energies are analysed, and such effects inhibit Na-ion conductivity in the doped Na₃OCl solid electrolyte at operating temperatures. These results provide a framework to guide future work on anti-perovskites to enhance their solid electrolyte properties.
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