Further evaluation of a slope-ratio precision-fed rooster assay and a limit-fed broiler chicken growth assay for relative metabolizable energy and relative bioavailable energy values of fats and oils

Three slope-ratio precision-fed rooster assays were conducted wherein roosters were precision-fed 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20% (levels varied among experiments) refined soy oil, refined corn oil (RCO), poultry fat, crude soy oil, crude corn oil, palm oil, vegetable blend acid oil 1 and 2, soy acid oil, tallow, or choice white grease as part of a ground corn diet. Multiple regression slope-ratio analysis of nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy regressed on dietary fat level was used to estimate relative metabolizable energy (RME) values. The RME values were calculated as the regression coefficient of the test lipid divided by the regression coefficient of the reference refined soy oil or RCO (set at 100%). The results of the rooster experiments indicated that only the RME values of palm oil 1 (83%) and tallow (74%) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of refined soy oil or RCO. It was observed that the differences among fat sources were often greater at the higher inclusion levels of 15 and 20%. In addition to the slope-ratio precision-fed rooster assays, a limit-fed broiler chicken growth assay was conducted. The broilers were limit-fed to 70% of their expected daily intake from 11 to 20 d of age, and four lipid sources (RCO, palm oil 2, choice white grease, and vegetable blend acid oil 2) were tested at 0, 5, and 10% inclusion levels. Multiple regression slope-ratio analysis of body weight gain regressed on dietary fat intake indicated that the relative bioavailability values (RBV) of palm oil 2 (80%) and choice white grease (85%) were significantly lower than the 100% for RCO (P < 0.05), whereas the RBV of the vegetable blend acid oil 2 (93%) was not significantly different from 100%. In general, both the precision-fed rooster assay and the limit-fed broiler chicken assay were able to detect differences in RME or RBV among lipids; however, using higher inclusion rates of 15 or 20% of the lipids may increase sensitivity of the rooster assay.