Rod–shaped Ca–Zn@Chitin composite for fluoride removal studies by adsorption and statistical experiments
2019
Nehra, Sapna | Raghav, Sapna | Kumar, Dinesh
The presence of fluoride (Fˉ) in drinking water is a major problem that needs to be addressed urgently, considering its detrimental effects on human health. In this study, a modified form of chitin biopolymer with bimetallic oxide powder (Ca–Zn@Chitin) is used for fluoride removal studies by tea bag model adsorption experiment. This is thermally more stable and more porous than the virgin chitin and Ca–Zn. The ion–exchange-based adsorption is controlled by surface hydroxyl groups and electrostatic interaction by positively charged metals. It is explained by X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis. Additionally, ion-dipole interaction between calcium and fluoride plays a pivotal role to enhance adsorption capacity, and it is substantiated by the synergistic effect and density functional theory (DFT) studies. It can be reused up to five cycles showing adsorption of 65%. The reusability factor makes it eco–friendly and the cost–benefit analysis makes it affordable to eradicate the problem from lab level to field level. This study opens the significant features of chitin biopolymer that more nucleophile amide groups in chitin compared to amine groups in the chitosan which enhance the complexation ability as well as the active sites for the fluoride removal studies.
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