Necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates fed human milk
1979
Kliegman, R.H. | Pittard, W.B. | Fanaroff, A.A.
The incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) encountered in neonates fed only refrigerated human milk was comparable to that in infants fed human milk and isotonic formula or isotonic formula alone. The mean age of onset and time between first feeding and onset of NEC was similar among the three groups. The infants fed human milk were significantly smaller, less mature, and had lower Apgar scores than the formula-fed infants. The data indicate that refrigerated human milk was not effective in lowering the incidence or significantly improving the survival of patients with NEC. Possible explanations for the occurrence of NEC in neonates fed human milk include: 1) the introduction of a pathogen via contaminated milk; 2) inadequate maternal antigenic stimulation by the neonatal gastrointestinal flora; and 3) adverse effects of storage on cell number and function.
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