Algal carotenoids. 54. Carotenoids of brown algae (Phaeophyceae)
1994
Haugan, J.A. | Liaaen-Jensen, S.
The qualitative and quantitative carotenoid composition is reported for the brown algae Fucus serratus, F. vesiculosus, Ascophyllum nodosum, Pelvetia canaliculata, Laminaria digitata and L. saccharina. Emphasis was made on the identification of all minor carotenoids, on the demonstration of naturally occurring geometrical isomers and on the recognition of isolated artifacts. All-trans fucoxanthin was the major carotenoid (primary xanthophyll) and beta,beta-carotene the only carotene present in all six species. The diepoxidic all-trans violaxanthin was the second major xanthophyll. No acetylenic carotenoids were encountered amongst the minor carotenoids. These included cryptoxanthin-like, cryptoxanthin-5,6-epoxide-like, antheraxanthin-like, latoxanthin-like and mactraxanthin-like carotenoids on the 0.01-1.5% of total carotenoid level, and the previously encountered zeaxanthin, neoxanthin (all-trans) and fucoxanthinol the 0.01-0.02% of total carotenoid level. Violaxanthin and neoxanthin were partly isolated as the furanoid rearrangement products. Cis-isomers in general were isolation artifacts. The chemosystematic implications are discussed. A biosynthetic scheme based on the carotenoids encountered is considered.
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