Impact of ambient fine particulate matter on emergency department admissions for circulatory system disease in a city in Northeast China

The cardiovascular impact of fine particles has caused great concern worldwide. However, evidences on the impact of fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) on emergency department (ED) admissions for circulatory system disease in Northeast China is limited. We assessed the acute, lag, cumulative, and harvesting effects of PM₂.₅ on ED admissions for circulatory system diseases and their exposure-response relationship. A total of 26,168 ED admissions, including those for hypertension, ischemic heart disease (IHD), arrhythmia, heart failure (HF), and cerebrovascular events (CVE), were collected from the Shenyang Emergency Center from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018. The relationship between PM₂.₅ and ED admissions for circulatory system disease was estimated using a distributed lag non-linear model and a generalized additive quasi-Poisson model. We stratified the analyses by temperature. Air pollution was positively correlated with daily ED admissions for circulatory system disease or other cause-specific diseases under different lag structures. For every 10-μg/m³ increase in the PM₂.₅ concentration, the relative risk of daily ED admissions for circulatory system disease was 1.007 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.001–1.013] in lag0, 1.007 (95%CI, 1.000–1.013) in lag1, and 1.011 (95%CI, 1.002–1.021) in lag03. A lag effect was found in IHD, a cumulative effect was found in CVE, and both lag and cumulative effects were found in hypertension and arrhythmia. A harvesting effect was observed in daily ED admissions for circulatory system disease and HF. We found no interaction between pollutants and temperature. We observed a monotonic and almost linear exposure-response relationship between PM₂.₅ and circulatory system disease with no threshold effect.PM₂.₅ contributes to obvious acute, lag, cumulative, and harvesting effects on circulatory system disease. PM₂.₅ was associated with the risk of daily ED admissions for circulatory system disease, hypertension, IHD, arrhythmia, HF, and CVE. Therefore, air quality management must be strengthened.