The Virulence of Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) in Sunflower Crop in Braila Area, in Romania
2016
Rîşnoveanu, Luxiţa | Joiţa-Păcureanu, Maria | Anton, Florin Gabriel
Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) is an important parasite in sunflower crop in Europe, some Asian countries and Australia. The parasite has spread in sunflower crop from south Russia and Ukraine. In Romania this was identified for the first time in 1940–1941 year, the most infested area being in central and south Moldavia, south Dobrogea and eastern Baragan. The negative impact of broomrape on sunflower could be found on the cultivated as well as on wild sunflower. For broomrape controlling there have been created resistant sunflower hybrids to different races of the parasite. This paper presents the results obtained by testing sunflower differential set for broomrape races A to F as well as some commercial hybrids for races more virulent than F. Using this differential set and hybrids it has been done testing in different locations from Braila county, in 2014 and 2015 years. We found that in Braila area there are present all races of the parasite which have been identified up to now in sunflower crop in Romania, having important differences between different locations. So, in some locations there is present, as the most virulent, race E, in other locations race F, in some other locations having the most virulent races, more than F. In some locations the parasite is very aggressive, having around one hundred broomrapes per one sunflower plant. We have identified the new races of the parasite in areas were one year before these have not been present.
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