Post-fire natural regeneration of young stands on clearcut and partial-cut and uncut sites of boreal mixedwoods

Boreal mixedwoods are an important element and the most productive forest type in the Canadian boreal forests. However, they experience frequent disturbances. In order to better understand the responses of boreal mixedwoods to different combinations of anthropogenic and natural disturbances, we investigated the natural regeneration of boreal mixedwoods that were previously subjected to three different harvesting treatments (clearcut, partial-cut and uncut control) and naturally regenerated, but subsequently burnt by a severe natural fire 6 years later. The study was conducted 8 years following the fire. Significant interactions were found among harvesting method, species and block in several regeneration variables. There were a total of 12 woody species (trees and shrubs) regenerated, but not all the species were present in all the sites. In general, the species richness and species diversity of the new stands were lowest on clearcut sites while the differences between partial-cut and control varied with blocks. However, the combined total density for all species was lowest on uncut control sites. Density and regeneration index data show that trembling aspen was the predominant tree species in all stands except at one uncut control site where jack pine was the dominant species. The density of trembling aspen generally declined from clearcut to partial to the uncut control. Pincherry, beaked hazel and mountain maple were the dominant shrub species in the new stands, but no general patterns were found in terms of variations in density with harvesting methods for any of the shrub species. Jack pine and white birch were the tallest tree species in the clearcut treatment while white birch was taller than jack pine in the partial-cut and control. The results suggest that active measures are necessary to restore the complex structure of the initial mixedwoods.