16-Membered Macrolide Antibiotics: a Review
2017
Arsic, Biljana | Barber, Jill | Čikoš, Ana | Mladenovic, Milan | Stankovic, Nevena | Novak, Predrag
Mainly used in veterinary medicine, the 16-membered macrolide antibiotics (e.g. tylosin A and josamycin) are much less studied than their 14- and 15-membered erythromycin-based cousins. Even though they share similar antibacterial profile (they are active primarily against Gram-positive and a limited range of Gram-negative organisms), the 16-membered macrolides show some advantages, including better gastrointestinal tolerance, lack of drug-drug interactions and activity against some resistant strains with additional interactions by extending the peptide tunnel reach. In addition to the antibacterial activity, the most famous representative of the class, tylosin A, as well as some derivatives of desmycosin (tylosin B), have been shown to possess anti-malarial activity (also observed in 14-membered macrolide antibiotics, azithromycin, solithromycin and clindamycin), thus providing the opportunity to investigate these drugs as cheap and effective anti-malarials. This is an overview of the latest research on biosynthesis, structure, chemical properties and mode of action of 16-membered macrolides, with special emphasis on their most explored members: tylosin A and josamycin.
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