Apple polyphenols and cardiovascular disease - a review of the evidence
2010
Weichselbaum, E. | Wyness, L. | Stanner, S.
A diet high in fruits and vegetables has been associated with a lower risk of some diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Besides food constituents, such as fibre or beta-carotene, other bioactive plant compounds such as polyphenols have been suggested to contribute to this protective effect. Apples are one of the most popular fruits in the UK, and apples and apple products, such as fruit juices and apple purées, contribute to the total polyphenol intake of the UK population, although data on the extent of their contribution are not available. The aim of this review was to summarise the evidence available from human studies on the effect of polyphenols found in apples on cardiovascular risk factors, including blood lipids and blood pressure. The literature search comprised randomised clinical trials carried out in humans using either apples or apple products, or other foods or supplements containing a significant amount of one or more polyphenols present in apples. Our search showed that there is very limited evidence available from human studies. Preliminary findings show that polyphenols present in apples may potentially have a positive influence on blood lipid parameters and blood pressure in humans. However, firm conclusions cannot be made based on the limited studies available. Further research is needed to evaluate the full potential of polyphenols and their effect on human health.
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