Kitchen concentrations of fine particulate matter and particle number concentration in households using biomass cookstoves in rural Honduras
2020
Benka-Coker, Megan L. | Peel, Jennifer L. | Volckens, John | Good, Nicholas | Bilsback, Kelsey R. | L’Orange, Christian | Quinn, Casey | Young, Bonnie N. | Rajkumar, Sarah | Wilson, Ander | Tryner, Jessica | Africano, Sebastian | Osorto, Anibal B. | Clark, Maggie L.
Cooking and heating with solid fuels results in high levels of household air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM); however, limited data exist for size fractions smaller than PM₂.₅ (diameter less than 2.5 μm). We collected 24-h time-resolved measurements of PM₂.₅ (n = 27) and particle number concentrations (PNC, average diameter 10–700 nm) (n = 44; 24 with paired PM₂.₅ and PNC) in homes with wood-burning traditional and Justa (i.e., with an engineered combustion chamber and chimney) cookstoves in rural Honduras.The median 24-h PM₂.₅ concentration (n = 27) was 79 μg/m³ (interquartile range [IQR]: 44–174 μg/m³); traditional (n = 15): 130 μg/m³ (IQR: 48–250 μg/m³); Justa (n = 12): 66 μg/m³ (IQR: 44–97 μg/m³). The median 24-h PNC (n = 44) was 8.5 × 10⁴ particles (pt)/cm³ (IQR: 3.8 × 10⁴–1.8 × 10⁵ pt/cm³); traditional (n = 27): 1.3 × 10⁵ pt/cm³ (IQR: 3.3 × 10⁴–2.0 × 10⁵ pt/cm³); Justa (n = 17): 6.3 × 10⁴ pt/cm³ (IQR: 4.0 × 10⁴–1.2 × 10⁵ pt/cm³). The 24-h average PM₂.₅ and particle number concentrations were correlated for the full sample of cookstoves (n = 24, Spearman ρ: 0.83); correlations between PM₂.₅ and PNC were higher in traditional stove kitchens (n = 12, ρ: 0.93) than in Justa stove kitchens (n = 12, ρ: 0.67). The 24-h average concentrations of PM₂.₅ and PNC were also correlated with the maximum average concentrations during shorter-term averaging windows of one-, five-, 15-, and 60-min, respectively (Spearman ρ: PM₂.₅ [0.65, 0.85, 0.82, 0.71], PNC [0.74, 0.86, 0.88, 0.86]).Given the moderate correlations observed between 24-h PM₂.₅ and PNC and between 24-h and the shorter-term averaging windows within size fractions, investigators may need to consider cost-effectiveness and information gained by measuring both size fractions for the study objective. Further evaluations of other stove and fuel combinations are needed.
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