Phenotypic diversity of Tribolium confusum pupae in heterogeneous environments
1989
Janus, M.C.
During the developmental period from egg to pupae Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae; DuVal 1886) beetles were exposed to homogeneous and heterogeneous environments at two initial egg densities as well as undiluted and diluted media. The medium consisted of flour, flour and yeasts or flour and yeasts diluted with sawdust. Initial egg density had a strong influence on the variability of pupal weight: the weight was more variable in high density, where the coefficients of variation ranged between 0.121-0.189, compared to the coefficients of variation in low density ranging between 0.058-0.183. The dilution of the medium did not influence the pupal weight variability. Heterogeneity influenced pupation site choice. In the majority of cases larvae chose the apparently less crowded, poorer compartment, to pupate. Survival and developmental time were influenced by egg density. Environmental heterogeneity acted only as ‘reinforcer', not as a factor itself causing variability.
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