Titanium dioxide nanoparticles inhibit proliferation and induce morphological changes and apoptosis in glial cells
2012
Márquez-Ramírez, Sandra Gissela | Delgado-Buenrostro, Norma Laura | Chirino, Yolanda Irasema | Iglesias, Gisela Gutiérrez | López-Marure, Rebeca
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) are widely used in the chemical, electrical and electronic industries. TiO₂ NPs can enter directly into the brain through the olfactory bulb and be deposited in the hippocampus region. We determined the effect of TiO₂ NPs on rat and human glial cells, C6 and U373, respectively. We evaluated proliferation by crystal violet staining, internalization of TiO₂ NPs, and cellular morphology by TEM analysis, as well as F-actin distribution by immunostaining and cell death by detecting active caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation. TiO₂ NPs inhibited proliferation and induced morphological changes that were related with a decrease in immuno-location of F-actin fibers. TiO₂ NPs were internalized and formation of vesicles was observed. TiO₂ NPs induced apoptosis after 96h of treatment. Hence, TiO₂ NPs had a cytotoxic effect on glial cells, suggesting that exposure to TiO₂ NPs could cause brain injury and be hazardous to health.
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