Acid-Active Cell-Penetrating Peptides for in Vivo Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery
2013
Jin, Erlei | Zhang, Bo | Sun, Xuanrong | Zhou, Zhuxian | Ma, Xinpeng | Sun, Qihang | Tang, Jianbin | Shen, Youqing | Van Kirk, Edward | Murdoch, William J. | Radosz, Maciej
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) such as transactivator of transcription (TAT) peptide have long been explored for promoting in vitro cell penetration and nuclear targeting of various cargos, but their positive charges cause strong nonspecific interactions, making them inapplicable for many in vivo applications. In this work, we used TAT to demonstrate a molecular modification approach for inhibiting nonspecific interactions of CPPs in the bloodstream while reactivating their functions in the targeted tissues or cells. The TAT lysine residues’ amines were amidized to succinyl amides (ᵃTAT), completely inhibiting TAT’s nonspecific interactions in the blood compartment; once in the acidic tumor interstitium or internalized into cell endo/lysosomes, the succinyl amides in the ᵃTAT were quickly hydrolyzed, fully restoring TAT’s functions. Thus, ᵃTAT-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) micelles achieved long circulation in the blood compartment and efficiently accumulated and delivered doxorubicin to tumor tissues, giving rise to high antitumor activity and low cardiotoxicity. This amidization strategy effectively and easily enables in vivo applications of CPPs.
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