Molecular regulation of muscle development and growth in Senegalese sole larvae exposed to temperature fluctuations
2014
Campos, Catarina | Valente, Luísa M.P. | Conceição, Luís E.C. | Engrola, Sofia | Fernandes, Jorge M.O.
The Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) is a marine flatfish that is naturally exposed to high temperature fluctuations (12–28ºC) in the wild, with a life cycle predominantly estuarine during larval and juvenile phases. Farming of this species has largely improved in the past years but marked fluctuations of temperature during production still contribute to variation on growth and muscle cellularity, particularly if they occur during early stages of development. Such thermal plasticity of muscle growth must arise through changes in a multitude of physiological and molecular pathways, in which epigenetic gene regulation is likely to play an essential role. In the present work, we review recent studies addressing molecular, physiological and morphological aspects of the thermal plasticity of somatic growth in Senegalese sole larvae and early juveniles, thus aiming to improve sole rearing in aquaculture production. The present study shows that temperature during specific time frames of ontogeny has both short- and long-term effects on growth and muscle cellularity of Senegalese sole. Nevertheless, Senegalese sole also seems to rapidly adapt to environmental temperature through a set of molecular mechanisms and physiological responses such as regulation of feed intake, even at early developmental stages.
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