Botanicals: The Protectants of Stored Grains Pests
2015
Said, P. P. | Pashte, V. V.
A large number of insect pests have been reported to be associated with stored grains. Almost all species have remarkably high rates of multiplication and, may destroy 10–15 per cent of the grain and contaminate the rest with undesirable odours and flavours. The major pests of stored grains include beetles (Callosobrunchus sp, Trogoderma granarium, and Tribolium confusum), weevils (Sitophilus oryzae, S. granarius etc.), moth (Corcyra cephalonica) and rodents. Botanical extracts kill and repel pests, affect insect growth and development, have antifeedant and arrestant effects. Continuous and indiscriminate use of pesticides has not only led to the development of resistant strains but also accumulation of toxic residues on food grains used for human consumption. Recently, in different areas of the world, attention has been given towards exploitation of plant products as new approach in grain protection. Various scientific literatures already documented on bioactivity of plant derivatives to different storage pests. Higher plants like neem have also been used as antimicrobials against storage pests because of their relatively safe status and wide acceptance by the consumers. Various herbs and spices (e.g. turmeric, garlic, cloves etc.) have been used by peoples for management of storage pest. Plant products could offer a solution for the problems of availability, health risks, costs and resistance in the case of synthetic pesticides. There is need of more research regarding the biocontrol efficacy, practical applicability of the botanical pesticides. Biosafety studies should be conducted to ascertain their toxicity to humans, animals and crop plants.
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