The parasite‐host relationship between Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae). XXII. Simulation models for the between‐plant movement of adult greenhouse whiteflies
1989
Rumei, Xu | Noldus, L. P. J. J. | Lenteren, J. C. van
Two models are presented to simulate the horizontal movement of whitefly adults between host plants. Dispersal and spatial patterns were simulated by generating frequency distributions, based on the negative binomial distribution, and subsequent random allocation of numbers of whiteflies to individual plants. Model 1 is based on observed data of population mean and parameter k, while model 2 is based on population mean and parameter k as functions of time. Model 1 is rather specific, and the simulated population size fits well to observed data. Model 2 is more general, but produces bias due to the use of fitting functions. An attempt is made to simulate the between‐plant movement of whiteflies, using data from an earlier greenhouse study. The period of the first three days of the experiment, during which individual whiteflies disperse from a central point of emergence, but are yet strongly aggregated, is relatively difficult to simulate, as population distributions do not fit to the negative binomial distribution or other commonly used theoretical distributions. At and after 40 LH, the population distributions all fit to the negative binomial distribution. The trends obtained by the simulation of both models are consistent with observed distribution patterns. With regard to simulating the average distance moved per whitefly, model 2 is preferable over model 1, as it is more general and produces similar results.
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