Metabolic changes network in selenium-treated Astragalus cells derived by glutathione as a core component
2022
Maassoumi, Negar | Ghanati, Faezeh | Zare-Maivan, Hassan | Gavlighi, Hassan Ahmadi
Astragalus is a medicinal plant rich in phenolic compounds, saponins, and polysaccharide gum tragacanth which are potentially important in traditional medicine. This makes the plant endangered because of uncontrolled collection from nature. Plant cell culture has been carried out for the preservation of medicinal plant resources and efficient production of pharmaceutically important primary and secondary metabolites. A few species of Astragalus accumulate Selenium (Se). It is not an essential micronutrient but a beneficial for certain plants in the promotion of their growth and antioxidant activities. In the present study, first a rapid growing cell line of Astragalus gossypinus was established. Then the impact of Se on the primary (gum tragacanth production) and secondary (phenolic and saponin compounds enhancement) metabolism of suspension-cultured A. gossypinus cells was evaluated. The cells in their logarithmic growth phase were exposed to 0, 0.5 2.5, 12.5, and 62.5 µM Se in the form of sodium selenate for one week. No significant metabolic changes were observed in A. gossypinus cells up to 2.5 µM Se supply. Higher Se concentrations however significantly increased soluble sugar and amino acids contents, the total amount of exopolysaccharides, enzymatic and non-enzymatic radical scavenging system. The result showed that glutathione was the main non-enzymatic compartment that functions in an intricate network with phenolic compounds. In this network increase of oxidants scavenging capacity was initiated by caffeic acid, tannins, and phlobaphene while an increase of saponin production was triggered by salicylic acid.
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