Establishment of callogenesis and plant regeneration protocols for endemic Origanum syriacum ssp. sinaicum
2023
Abd El-Motaleb, M. | Abd El-Hameid, A.R. | Helmy, W.A. | Ewais, E.A. | Abdel-Hady, M.S.
Origanum syriacum ssp. sinaicum is a medicinal perennial endemic herb grown in the mountain areas in Saint Katherine, Sinai, Egypt. Leaves of this species have a history of use in traditional herbal medicine. The effects of Murashige and Skoog’s medium (MS) containing auxins alone or in combination with cytokinin to produce calli were investigated. The obtained results showed that MS medium containing 2 mg L⁻¹ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) alone recorded the earliest callusing time and the best callus percentage formation. The combination of 0.25 mg L⁻¹ 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) with 2 mg L⁻¹ 2,4-D resulted in the highest callus percentage and fresh weight. The different levels of growth regulators in the media exhibited the morphological changes in calli. Nodal segments were more effective than leaf explants in terms of callus percentage, callus fresh and dry weight, and callus initiation time. After 45 days of callus culture, the combination of 1 mg L⁻¹ BA with 0.25 mg L⁻¹ α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) was successful in promoting organogenesis, resulting in a high frequency of shootlets. The maximum number of rooting shootlets was achieved by supplementing the MS medium with 0.5 mg L⁻¹ indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). This study reports an effective plant regeneration protocol that can be used for the conservation of endemic species.
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