Detection of Sub clinical Mastitis Cases in Some Dairy Farms and Their Impact on Production in Latakia Governorate

References 1) Abdel-Rady, A., & Sayed, M. (2008). Some Epidemiological Studies on Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows in Assiut Governorate. J Mastitis/Udder Health Milk Quality, 25(551), 53. 2) Antanaitis, R., Juozaitienė, V., Jonike, V., Baumgartner, W., & Paulauskas, A. (2021). Milk Lactose as a Biomarker of Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows. Animals, 11(6), 1736. 3) Ashraf A. Abd EL-Tawab, 1Fatma, I. El-Hofy, Khalid I. El-ekhnawey and,Fawzia A. El-Shenawey .(2018). Bacteriological and Molecular Studies on some Bacteria Isolated from Mastitic Cattle and Humans Contact, BENHA VETERINARY MEDICAL JOURNAL, VOL. 34, NO.1:66-78, MARCH, 2018 4) Bagri, D. K., Pandey, R. K., Bagri, G. K., Kumari, R., & Bagdi, D. L. (2018). Effect of subclinical mastitis on milk composition in lactating cows. J Entomol Zool Stud, 6(5), 231. 5) Bansod 1, R. Masand2*, A. Jadhao2, A. Bhardwaj3, S. Singh4 and V. Gaikwad5 An overview of subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle, Indian J Anim Health (2021), 60(2): 136-144 6) Barker, A.R.; Schrick, F.N.; Lewis, M.J.; Dowlen, H.H.and Oliver, S.P. (1998): Influence of clinical mastitis during early lactation on reproductive performance of Jersey cows. J Dairy Sci 81: 1285-1290. 7) Bartlett, P. C., Miller, G. Y., Anderson, C. R., & Kirk, J. H. (1990). Milk production and somatic cell count in Michigan dairy herds. Journal of Dairy Science, 73(10), 2794-2800.8) Beer,J infectionskrankhiten der Haustiere.3Auflage,VEB Gustar Fischer Verlag Jena(1987),8814 P. 9) Bergonier, D., de Cremoux, R., & Rupp, R. (1989). Pathological secretions in herd milk samples. Nordisk veterinærmedicin, 41(6), 311-319. 10) Berry, E. A., & Meaney, W. J. (2000). The economic implications of mastitis: a case study of Ontario dairy farms. Journal of Dairy Science, 83(3), 629-641. 11) Bertocchi, L., Vitali, A., Lacetera, N., Nardone, A., Varisco, G., & Bernabucci, U. (2014). Seasonal variations in the composition of Holstein cow’s milk and temperature– humidity index relationship. Animal, 8(4), 667-674.index relationship. Animal, 8(4): 667-674, doi: 10.1017/S1751731114000032 12) Bigras-Poulin, M., Meek, A. H., Martin, S. W., & McMillan, I. (1990). Health problems in selected Ontario Holstein cows: frequency of occurrences, time to first diagnosis and associations. Preventive veterinary medicine, 10(1-2), 79-89. And Bigraspoulin, M. (1996). 13) Bobbo, T., Ruegg, P. L., Stocco, G., Fiore, E., Gianesella, M., Morgante, M., & Cecchinato, A. (2017). Associations between pathogen-specific cases of subclinical mastitis and milk yield, quality, protein composition, and cheese-making traits in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(6), 4868-4883. 14) Bohmanova, J., Misztal, I., and Cole, J.B. (2007). Temperature-humidity indices as indicators of milk production losses due to heat stress. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(4), 1947- 1956, doi: 10.3168/jds.2006-513. 15) Bouraoui, R., Lahmar, M., Majdoub, A., Djemali, M., and Belyea, R. (2002). The relationship of temperature-humidity index with milk production of dairy cows in a Mediterranean climate. Animal Research, 51(6), 479-491, doi: 10.1051/animres:2002036. 16) Bradley J., Green M., (2001). Aetiology of clinical mastitis in six Somerset dairy herds,Vet. Rec., 148:683-686 17) Bradley, A. J. (2002). Bovine mastitis: an evolving disease. The veterinary journal, 164(2), 116-128. 18) Brito, J. R. F., Caldeira, G. A. V., Verneque, R. D. S., & Brito, M. A. V. P. (1997). Sensibilidade e especificidade do" California Mastitis Test" como recurso diagnóstico da mastite subclínica em relação à contagem de células somáticas. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 17, 49-53.19) Brolund, L. (1989). Mastitis and milk quality. Journal of Dairy Science, 72(6), 1607- 1616. 20) Cosivi, O., Grange, J. M., Daborn, C. J., Raviglione, M. C., Fujikura, T., Cousins, D., ... & Meslin, F. X. (1998). Zoonotic tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in developing countries. Emerging infectious diseases, 4(1), 59. 21) Cullor, J. S. (1991). Bacterial infections and reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 7(2), 335-350. 22) Damm, H.J. (1967): Relationship between milk production and n cattle. Anim. Breed. Abstr. 35:239 23) De Graaf, T., & Dwinger, R. H. (1996). Estimation of milk production losses due to sub-clinical mastitis in dairy cattle in Costa Rica. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 26(3-4), 215-222. 24) De Vliegher, S., Fox, L. K., Piepers, S., McDougall, S., & Barkema, H. W. (2012). Invited review: mastitis in dairy heifers: nature of the disease, potential impact, prevention, and control. Journal of Dairy Science, 95(3), 1025-1040. 25) Dematawewa, C. M. B., & Berger, P. J. (1998). Genetic and phenotypic parameters for 305-day yield, fertility, and survival in Holsteins. Journal of dairy science, 81(10), 2700- 2709. 26) Dikmen, S. and Hansen, P.J. (2009). Is the temperature-humidity index the best indicator of heat stress in lactating dairy cows in a subtropical environment? Journal of Dairy Science, 92(1), 109-116. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1370. 27) Dingwell, R. T.; K. E Leslie; Y. H. Schukken; J. M. Sergeant; and L. Timms (2003). Evaluation of the California Mastitis Test to detect an intramammary infection with a major pathogen in early lactation dairy cows. Can. Vet. J. 44: 413-416. 28) Fadlelmula, A., Al Dughaym, A. M., Mohamed, G. E., Al Deib, M. K., & Al Zubaidy, A. J. (2009). Bovine mastitis: epidemiological, clinical and etiological study in a Saudi Arabian large dairy farm. Bulgarian journal of veterinary medicine, 12(3). 29) Fetrow, J.; D. Manl; K. Butcher; and B. McDaniel (1991). Production losses from mastitis: Carry-over from the previous lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 74: 833–839. 30) Frank, A; and W. D. A. Pounden (1958). Comparison of the California and Whiteside mastitis tests.JAVMA 132: 98.31) Gomes, F., & Henriques, M. (2016). Control of bovine mastitis: old and recent therapeutic approaches. Current microbiology, 72(4), 377-382. 32) Gonçalves, J. L., Kamphuis, C., Martins, C. M. M. R., Barreiro, J. R., Tomazi, T., Gameiro, A. H., & Dos Santos, M. V. (2018). Bovine subclinical mastitis reduces milk yield and economic return. Livestock Science, 210, 25-32. 33) Guatteo, R., Beaudeau, F., Joly, A., & Seegers, H. (2007). Coxiella burnetii shedding by dairy cows. Veterinary research, 38(6), 849-860. 34) Guillemette, J. M., Bouchard, É., & Bigras-Poulin, M. (1996). Mastitis and its control. Increases in somatic cell count. Producteur de Lait Québécois, 16(6), 24-27. Labib, Sahar, R. M. (1994). 35) Halasa, T., Huijps, K., Østerås, O., & Hogeveen, H. (2007). Economic effects of bovine mastitis and mastitis management: A review. Veterinary quarterly, 29(1), 18-31. 36) Halasa, T., Nielen, M., De Roos, A. P. W., Van Hoorne, R., de Jong, G., et al. (2009). Production loss due to new subclinical mastitis in Dutch dairy cows estimated with a test-day model. Journal of Dairy Science, 92(2), 599-606. doi: 10.3168/jds.2008-1564. 37) Hammami, H., Bormann, J., M’Hamdi, N., Montaldo, H. H., & Gengler, N. (2013). Evaluation of heat stress effects on production traits and somatic cell score of Holsteins in a temperate environment. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(3), 1844-1855. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012- 5947. 38) Hansen, L. B., Guldbrandtsen, B., & Bendixen, C. (2004). Association between polymorphism in the bovine alphaS1-casein gene and milk production traits in a Danish population. Journal of Dairy Science, 87(12), 3999-4006. 39) Harmon, R. J. (1994): Physiology of mastitis and factors affecting somatic cell counts. J. Dairy, Sci., 77: 2103 – 2112. 40) Hewett, C. D. (1968). A survey of the incidence of the repeat breeder cow in Sweden with reference to herd size, season, age, and milk yield. British Veterinary Journal, 124(8), 342-352. 41) Hoble, K. H. G. D., Schnitkey, D., Arbaugh, J. S., Hogan, K. L., Smith, P. S., Schoenberg, D. A., Todhunter, W. D., Hueston, D. E., Pritchard, G. L., Bowman, L. E., Heider, B. L., Brockett, H. R., & Conrad, H. R. (1991). Cost associated with selected preventive practices and with episodes of clinical mastitis in nine herds with low somatic cell counts. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 199, 190-196.42) Holtz, E. W., Laben, R. C., Murrill, F. D., Lamb, R. C., & Plowman, R. D. (1976). Milk production and its relationship to breeding efficiency. J. Dairy Sci.(Suppl. 1), 59, 156-157. 43) Hoque, M. N.; Z. C. Das; A. K. Talukder; M. S. Alam; and A. N. M. A. Rahman (2014). Different screening tests and milk somatic cell count for the prevalence of subclinical bovine mastitis in Bangladesh. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 47(1): 79–86. 44) Hortet, P., & Seegers, H. (1998). Calculated milk production losses associated with elevated somatic cell counts in dairy cows: review and critical discussion. Veterinary Research, 29(6), 497-510. 45) Hortet, P., & Seegers, H. (1998). Loss in milk yield and related composition changes resulting from clinical mastitis in dairy cows. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 37(1-4), 1-20. 46) International Service for National Agricultural Research. (1989). A Review of the Directorate of Agricultural Scientific Research: Report to the Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform of the Syrian Arab Republic. ISNAR. 47) Iraguha B, Hamudikuwanda H and Mushonga B. (2015). Bovine mastitis prevalence and associated risk factors in dairy cows in Nyagatare District, Rwanda. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 86(1), 1228. doi: 10.4102/jsava.v86i1.1228. 48) Jamrozik, J., & Schaeffer, L. R. (1997). Estimates of genetic parameters for a test day model with random regressions for yield traits of first lactation Holsteins. Journal of Dairy Science, 80(4), 762-770. 49) Jense, L. (1957). The California mastitis test. Bulletin of the International Dairy Federation, 17(4), 182-184. 50) Jones, T.O. (1998). Bacteriology of clinical mastitis in England and Wales – historical perspective. In Proceedings of the XX World Buiatrics Congress, Sydney 6-10 July 1998, Vol I, Poster presentations: 544.. 51) Kaur, H. and Chawla R. (2002). Importance of vitamin-E in animal health. Indian Dairyman, 54(5), 47-50. 52) Khate K and Yadav BR, 2010. Incidence of mastitis in Sahiwal cattle and Murrah buffaloes of a closed organized herd. Indian J Anim Sci, 80(5): 467- 469 Bertocchi L, Vitali A, Lacetera N, Nardone A, Varisco G 53) Kibebew, K. (2017). Bovine mastitis: A review of causes and epidemiological point of view. J Biol Agric Healthc, 7(2), 1-14.54) Koldeweij, E., Emanuelson, U., & Janson, L. (1999). Relation of milk production loss to milk somatic cell count. Acta veterinaria scandinavica, 40(1), 47-56. 55) Król, J., Brodziak, A., Litwinczuk, Z., & Litwinczuk, A. (2013). Effect of age and stage of lactation on whey protein content in milk of cows of different breeds. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 16(2). 56) Kumari, T., Bhakat, C. and Choudhary, R.K., A Review on Sub Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cattle, Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 6(2): 1291-1299 (2018). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.6173. 57) Laevens, H., Deluyker, H., Schukken, Y., De Meulemeester, L., Vandermeersch, R., & De Muynck, A. (1997). Parity and stage of lactation influence the somatic cell count of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 80(3), 616-620. 58) Linderoth, S. (2003): Don’t let subclinical mastitis zap reproductive efficiency. Dairy herd management (http://www.dairyherd. com/print Friendly. asp?ed_id=2332), accessed December 15, 2006. 59) Miller, R. H., Paape, M. J., Fulton, L. A., & Schutz, M. M. (1993). The relationship of milk somatic cell count to milk yields for Holstein heifers after first calving. Journal of Dairy Science, 76(3), 728-733. 60) Moore, D.A. and O’Connor, M.L. (1993): Coliform mastitis: its possible effects on reproduction in dairy cattle. Pages 162–166 in Proc. Natl. Mastitis Counc., Kansas City, MO. Natl. Mastitis Counc., Inc., Arlington, VA. 61) Moran, J. (2015). Managing cow lactation cycles. The Cattle Site. 62) Morgan, W. B., MacKinnon, D. J., & Cullen, G. A. (1969). Rose Bengal plate agglutination test in the diagnosis of brucellosis. Veterinary record. 63) Muccarthy, F.D, Linsay, J. B, Core, M. t (1988): Incidence and control of subclinical mastitis intensively managed ewes, J. polyrech Inst. state Univ, Black Sburg VA (2406). 64) Muhamed, O., Abdurahman, O., & Gari, G. (2011). Bovine mastitis: prevalence, risk factors and its public health significance. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, 3(5), 102-112.oj S, Ganguly S and Mahajan T, 2015. Applied nutritional management of clinical mastitis in dairy cattle: A review. Int J Sci Environ Technol, 4(5): 1351-1359. Senthilkumar S, Murugesan 65) National Mastitis Council.(NMC) (2017). Laboratory Handbook on Bovine Mastitis. (Rev. ed.) National Mastitis Council.66) Olds, D. P., Scholljegerdes, E. J., & Rohrbach, B. W. (1979). Effects of increased calving intervals on milk production and profitability of dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 62(7), 1109-1117. 67) Rai, A. K., Nayak, A., Jogi, J., Gupta, V., Singh, R. V., Jadav, K. K., ... & Dhakar, B. M. S. (2022). Prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cows and buffaloes of Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh.. 68) Rajala-Schultz, P. J., Gröhn, Y. T., McCulloch, C. E., & Guard, C. L. (1999). Effects of clinical mastitis on milk yield in dairy cows. Journal of dairy science, 82(6), 1213-1220 69) Ramachandraiah, K., Kumar, K. S., & Sreemannarayana, O. (1990). Survey of mastitis in a pure Jersey herd. Indian Veterinary Journal, 67(2), 103-106. 70) Ramirez, N. F.; G. Keefe; I. Dohoo; J. Sánchez; O. Arroyave; J. Cerón; M. Jaramillo; and L. G. Palacio (2014). Herd-and cow-level risk factors associated with subclinical mastitis in dairy farms from the High Plains of the northern Antioquia, Colombia. J. Dairy Sci. 97: 4141–4150. 71) Rathod P, Shivamurty V and Desai AR, 2017. Economic losses due to subclinical mastitis in dairy animals: A study in Bidar district of Karnataka. Indian J Vet Sci Biotech, 13(1): 37-41, doi: 10.21887/ijvsbt.v13i01.8732 72) Rose, S. G. S., Swin6kels, J. M., Kremer, W. D., Kruitwagen, C. L., & Zadoks, R. N. (2003). Effect of penethamate hydriodide treatment on bacteriological cure, somatic cell count and milk production of cows and quarters with chronic subclinical Streptococcus uberis or Streptococcus dysgalactiae infection. Journal of Dairy Research, 70(4), 387-394. 73) Ruegg P, 2017. A 100-year review: mastitis detection, management, and prevention. J Dairy Sci, 100(12): 10381-10397, doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13023 74) Ryan, P.L. and Raeside, J.I. (1988): Steroidogenesis in granulosa cells after induction of large cystic follicles with adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) in the cyclic gilt. Page 458 in Proc. 11th Int. Congr. Anim. Reprod. AI, Dublin, Ireland. 75) Schalm, O. W.; and B. S. Noorlander (1957). Experiments and observations leading to development of the California Mastitis Test. JAVMA. 130:199-204. 76) Schukken, Y. H., Günther, J., Fitzpatrick, J., Fontaine, M. C., Goetze, L., Holst, O., ... & Zadoks, R. N. (2009). Host-response patterns of intramammary infections in dairy cows. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 128(1-3), 116-121 .77) Schultz, L. H. (1977). Somatic cell counting of milk in production testing programs as a mastitis control technique. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 170(10 Pt 2), 1244-1246. 78) Seegers, H., Fourichon, C., & Beaudeau, F. (2003). Production effects related to mastitis and mastitis economics in dairy cattle herds. Veterinary research, 34(5), 475-491. 79) Shaheen, S., Cohen, A., & Zohdy, I. (2016). Shared mobility: current practices and guiding principles (No. FHWA-HOP-16-022). United States. Federal Highway Administration. 80) Sharma, N., Srivastava, A.K., Bacic, G.D., Jeong, K. and Sharma, R.K. Epidemiology. In: Bovine Mastitis. 1st Edn., Satish Serial Publishing House, Delhi, India, pp: 231-312 (2012). 81) Singh, B., Gautam, S.K., Verma, V., Kumar, M. and Singh, B., Metagenomics in animal gastrointestinal ecosystem: potential biotechnological prospects. Anaerobe, 14: 138 (2008). 82) Sinha MK, Thombare NN and Mondal B, 2014. Subclinical mastitis in dairy animals: incidence, economics, and predisposing factors. Sci World J, 2014: ID-523984, doi: 10.1155/2014/523984 83) Sinha, R., Sinha, B., Kumari, R., MR, V., Verma, A., & Gupta, I. D. (2021). Effect of season, stage of lactation, parity and level of milk production on incidence of clinical mastitis in Karan Fries and Sahiwal cows. Biological Rhythm Research, 52(4), 593-602. 84) Smith, J. W., & Legates, J. E. (1962). Relation of days open and days dry to lactation milk and fat yields. Journal of Dairy Science, 45(10), 1192-1198. 85) Swinkels, J. M., Hogeveen, H., & Zadoks, R. N. (2005). A partial budget model to estimate economic benefits of lactational treatment of subclinical Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Journal of dairy science, 88(12), 4273-4287. 86) Tewari, A. (2014). Bovine mastitis: An important dairy cattle disease. Indian Dairyman, 62-5. 87) Viguier, C., Arora, S., Gilmartin, N., Welbeck, K., & O’Kennedy, R. (2009). Mastitis detection: current trends and future perspectives. Trends in biotechnology, 27(8), 486-493.. 88) Vijayakumar, M., Park, J. H., Ki, K. S., Lim, D. H., Kim, S. B., Park, S. M., ... & Kim, T. I. (2017). The effect of lactation number, stage, length, and milking frequency on milkyield in Korean Holstein dairy cows using automatic milking system. Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences, 30(8), 1093. 89) WHO Global Task Force on the Impact of Antibiotics Use in Food Animals. (1997). The medical impact of the use of antimicrobials in food animals. Geneva: World Health Organization.. 90) Young, A. (2000). Can mastitis have an effect on reproduction? Dairy management. November. Retrieved from http://extension.usu.edu/files/agpubs/mastrepr.htm on December 7, 2006. 91) Yousef, A. M. M., Osman, K. M., & Abd El haleem Eljakee, J. K. (2005). Molecular typing of major pathogens from bovine mastitis (Doctoral dissertation, Ph. D. thesis (Microbiology), Fac. Vet. Med. Cairo Univ).