The Contributions of Legumes to Reducing the Environmental Risk of Agricultural Production
2019
Peoples, Mark B. | Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik | Huguenin-Elie, Olivier | Jensen, Erik Steen | Justes, Eric | Williams, Michael | Agriculture and Food ; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Australia] (CSIRO) | Roskilde University | Agroscope | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences = Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) | AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT) | Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM) ; Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro) | Trinity College Dublin
International audience
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Inglés. Fertilizer nitrogen (N) produced by the Haber-Bosch process using fossil fuels has played a key role in improving global food production. Unfortunately, less than half of the 109 million tonnes of fertilizer N currently consumed by agriculture each year is assimilated into the aboveground biomass of crops. While some fertilizer N will also be recovered by roots, much of the remainder is either leached or lost as environmentally harmful gas emissions. This chapter examines how legumes can improve biodiversity and ecosystems services outcomes while also reducing the risk of environmental damage associated with the present high reliance on N fertilizers by the following: (1) providing a renewable input of N to agricultural soils through symbiotic N2 fixation, (2) lowering the fertilizer N requirements and fossil energy use of farming systems, (3) reducing the net release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, and (4) slowing the rate of decline in soil organic carbon or improving the capacity of soils to sequester carbon.
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