Identification of morphological characters and analysis of bulbs phytochemical trait of various Balinese varieties of shallots (Allium cepa L.)

Shallot (Allium cepa L) is one of the leading bulb vegetable commodities that farmers cultivate intensively in Indonesia, including in Bali. Shallot varieties that are spread today are likely to come from different elders and sources. This study was conducted in shallot planting centers in Bali from June to September 2023 with the aim of obtaining differences in morphological characters by phytochemical properties of various Balinese varieties of shallot. Morphological character identification was carried out by observing the morphological characters of all shallot varieties found in all production centers in Bali, then identified according to IPGRI for Shallot (1982) and analyzed by UPGMA. Bulbs phytochemicals were analyzed in the laboratory. Shallot bulbs were extracted using maceration method quantitative phytochemical content using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer while qualitative with color difference, antioxidant properties with DPPH and antimicrobial using disc diffusion method. The results showed that there were five shallot varieties commonly grown in shallot production centers in Bali. The results of morphological character identification showed differences in quantitative characters of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, root length, number of bulbs per plant, number of bulbs per plant, and bulb diameter, while qualitative characters were leaf color, leaf diameter, leaf attitude, bulb shape, bulb flesh color, and bulb skin color. Based on the results of UPGMA analysis on quantitative characters, it showed that Bali Karet varieties spread apart from other varieties with a similarity distance of 45.8% and Super Philip Nganjuk and Bima varieties were more closely related than other varieties with similarity distances of 75.0%. While the qualitative characters of Kintamani Local varieties spread apart from the others with a similarity distance of 72.2% and Super Philip Nganjuk and Bima varieties were more closely related than other varieties with similarity distances of 83.3%. Phytochemical analvsis results are in process.