Adaptive response to olive cultivation in a generalist parasitic nematode (Meloidogyne javanica)
2020
Chapuis, Elodie | Ali, Nadeen | Noûs, Camille | Besnard, Guillaume | Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Occitanie])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC) ; Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Occitanie]) | Tishreen University | Laboratoire Cogitamus = Cogitamus Laboratory | Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | This study was funded by the PESTOLIVE project (to E.C. and G.B.): contribution of olive history for the management of soil-borne parasites in the Mediterranean Basin from EU and non-EU Mediterranean countries (ARIMNet action KBBE 219262). This work was also supported by a PhD grant from the Tishreen University (Latakia, Syrian Arabic Republic) to N.A. G.B. is a member of the EDB labortory, supported by LABEX entitled TULIP and CEBA (ANR-10-LABX-0041; ANR-10-LABX-0025). This work was also supported by a PhD grant from the Tishreen University (Latakia, Syrian Arabic Republic) to N.A. | ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010) | ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
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Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Inglés. Cultivated plants usually differ from their wild progenitors in several morphological and/or physiological traits. Their microbe communities might also differ because of adaptation to new conditions related to cultivation. To test this hypothesis, we investigated morphological traits in a parthenogenetic root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) from natural and agricultural environments. Seventeen populations of M. javanica were sampled on cultivated and wild olives in Morocco, then maintained in controlled conditions for a ‘common garden’ experiment. We estimated the genetic variation based on three traits (stylet size, neck width and body width) by a quantitative genetic design (ten families per population and nine individuals per family were measured), and molecular variation was investigated with a mitochondrial marker to identify the genetic lineages of nematode isolates sampled from wild and cultivated olives. Significant morphological differences were detected between individuals from wild vs. cultivated hosts for the three traits, whereas no phylogenetic clustering was observed among isolates collected on those two hosts. Our results thus suggest an adaptive response of the asexual parasite, possibly related to the deep modification of soil nematode communities between natural olive stands and orchards.
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