Evidence for soil water control on carbon and water dynamics in European forests during an extremely dry year: 2003
2007
Granier, André, A. | Reichstein, Markus | Bréda, Nathalie | Janssens, I.A. | Falge, E. | Ciais, Philippe | Grünwald, T. | Aubinet, M. | Berbigier, Paul | Bernhofer, C. | Buchmann, Nina | Facini, O. | Grassi, G. | Heinesch, Bernard | Ilvesniemi, H. | Keronen, P. | Khnol, A. | Köstner, B. | Lagergren, P. | Lindroth, A. | Longdoz, Bernard, B. | Loustau, Denis | Mateus, J. | Montagnani, L. | Nys, Claude, C. | Moors, E. | Papale, D. | Peiffer, Marianne | Pilegaard, K. | Pita, G. | Pumpanen, J. | Rambal, Serge | Rebmann, C. | Rodrigues, A. | Seufert, G. | Tenhunen, J. | Vesala, T. | Wang, Q. | Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL) | Università degli studi della Tuscia = Tuscia University [Viterbo] (UNITUS) | Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC) ; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft | Department of Biology ; University of Antwerp (UA) | Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE) ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) | ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC) ; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE) ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) | Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden) | Unité de Physique ; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Faculté universitaire des sciences agronomiques de Gembloux] ([FUSAGx]) ; Université de Liège = University of Liège = Universiteit van Luik = Universität Lüttich (ULiège)-Université de Liège = University of Liège = Universiteit van Luik = Universität Lüttich (ULiège) | Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Institute of Plant Sciences | National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) | JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES) ; European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC) | Finnish Forest Research Institute | Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki | University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley) ; University of California (UC) | Skane University Hospital [Lund] | Instituto Superior Técnico (IST / Técnico Lisboa) | Agenzia Provinciale per l’Ambiente ; Partenaires INRAE | Ripartizione Foreste di Bolzano ; Partenaires INRAE | Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR) | Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy (Risø DTU) ; Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU) | Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE) ; Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Occitanie])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro) | Estaçao Florestal Nacional
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Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Inglés. The drought of 2003 was exceptionally severe in many regions of Europe, both in duration and in intensity. In some areas, especially in Germany and France, it was the strongest drought for the last 50 years, lasting for more than 6 months. We used continuous carbon and water flux measurements at 12 European monitoring sites covering various forest ecosystem types and a large climatic range in order to characterise the consequences of this drought on ecosystems functioning. As soil water content in the root zone was only monitored in a few sites, a daily water balance model was implemented at each stand to estimate the water balance terms: trees and understorey transpiration, rainfall interception, throughfall, drainage in the different soil layers and soil water content. This model calculated the onset date, duration and intensity of the soil water shortage (called water stress) using measured climate and site properties: leaf area index and phenology that both determine tree transpiration and rainfall interception, soil characteristics and root distribution, both influencing water absorption and drainage. At sites where soil water content was measured, we observed a good agreement between measured and modelled soil water content. Our analysis showed a wide spatial distribution of drought stress over Europe, with a maximum intensity within a large band extending from Portugal to NE Germany. Vapour fluxes in all the investigated sites were reduced by drought, due to stomatal closure, when the relative extractable water in soil (REW) dropped below ca. 0.4. Rainfall events during the drought, however, typically induced rapid restoration of vapour fluxes. Similar to the water vapour fluxes, the net ecosystem production decreased with increasing water stress at all the sites. Both gross primary production (GPP) and total ecosystem respiration (TER) also decreased when REW dropped below 0.4 and 0.2, for GPP and TER, respectively. A higher sensitivity to drought was found in the beech, and surprisingly, in the broadleaved Mediterranean forests; the coniferous stands (spruce and pine) appeared to be less drought-sensitive. The effect of drought on tree growth was also large at the three sites where the annual tree growth was measured. Especially in beech, this growth reduction was more pronounced in the year following the drought (2004). Such lag effects on tree growth should be considered an important feature in forest ecosystems, which may enhance vulnerability to more frequent climate extremes. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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