The Venom of the Ectoparasitoid Wasp Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) Induces Apoptosis of Drosophilamelanogaster Hemocytes
2020
Wan, Bin | Yang, Lei | Zhang, Jiao | Qiu, Liming | Fang, Qi | Yao, Hongwei | Poirié, Marylène | Gatti, Jean-Luc | Ye, Gongyin | State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology ; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) | Zhejiang University [Hangzhou, China] | Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA) ; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UniCA) | Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project of National Natural Science Foundation 31620103915 | National Key R&D Program of China 2017YFD0200400 | Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province LY18C140001 | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 31830074 | Program for Chinese Innovation Team in Key Areas of Science and Technology of Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China 2016RA4008 | Program for Chinese Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Scientific Research of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China
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Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Inglés. The pupal ectoparasitoid Pachycrepoideus vindemiae injects venom into its fly hosts prior to oviposition. We have shown that this venom causes immune suppression in Drosophila melanogaster pupa but the mechanism involved remained unclear. Here, we show using transgenic D. melanogaster with fluorescent hemocytes that the in vivo number of plasmatocytes and lamellocytes decreases after envenomation while it has a limited effect on crystal cells. After in vitro incubation with venom, the cytoskeleton of plasmatocytes underwent rearrangement with actin aggregation around the internal vacuoles, which increased with incubation time and venom concentration. The venom also decreased the lamellocytes adhesion capacity and induced nucleus fragmentation. Electron microscopy observation revealed that the shape of the nucleus and mitochondria became irregular after in vivo incubation with venom and confirmed the increased vacuolization with the formation of autophagosomes-like structures. Almost all venom-treated hemocytes became positive for TUNEL assays, indicating massive induced apoptosis. In support, the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK attenuated the venom-induced morphological changes suggesting an involvement of caspases. Our data indicate that P. vindemiae venom inhibits D. melanogaster host immunity by inducing strong apoptosis in hemocytes. These assays will help identify the individual venom component(s) responsible and the precise mechanism(s)/pathway(s) involved.
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