A synthesis of radial growth patterns preceding tree mortality
2016
Cailleret, Maxime | Jansen, Steven | Robert, Elisabeth M. R. | Desoto, Lucia | Aakala, Tuomas | Antos, Joseph A. | Beikircher, Barbara | Bigler, Christof | Bugmann, Harald | Caccianiga, Marco | Cada, Vojtech | Camarero, Jesus J. | Cherubini, Paolo | Cochard, Hervé | Coyea, Marie R. | Cufar, Katarina | Das, Adrian J. | Davi, Hendrik | Delzon, Sylvain | Dorman, Michael | Gea-Izquierdo, Guillermo | Gillner, Sten | Haavik, Laurel J. | Hartmann, Henrik | Heres, Ana-Maria | Hultine, Kevin R. | Janda, Pavel | Kane, Jeffrey M. | Kharuk, Vyacheslav I. | Kitzberger, Thomas | Klein, Tamir | Kramer, Koen | Lens, Frederic | Levanic, Tom | Linares Calderon, Juan C. | Lloret, Francisco | Lobo-Do-Vale, Raquel | Lombardi, Fabio | Lopez Rodriguez, Rosa Ana | Makinen, Harri | Mayr, Stefan | Meszaros, Ilona | Metsaranta, Juha M. | Minunno, Francesco | Oberhuber, Walter | Papadopoulos, Andreas | Peltoniemi, Mikko | Petritan, Any M. | Rohner, Brigitte | Sanguesa-Barreda, Gabriel | Sarris, Dimitrios | Smith, Jeremy M. | Stan, Amanda B. | Sterck, Frank | Stojanovic, Dejan B. | Suarez, Maria L. | Svoboda, Miroslav | Tognetti, Roberto | Torres Ruiz, Jose Manuel | Trotsiuk, Volodymyr | Villalba, Ricardo | Vodde, Floor | Westwood, Alana R. | Wyckoff, Peter H. | Zafirov, Nikolay | Martinez-Vilalta, Jordi | Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES) ; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich) | Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne] | Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries = Centre de Recerca Ecologica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF) ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC) | Universidade de Coimbra = University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC) | Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki | University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC) | Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck | Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI) | Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU) | Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC) ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC) | Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL | Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP) | Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval) | University of Ljubljana | Western Ecological Research Center | Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB) | Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) | Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA) | Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology | University of Arkansas [Fayetteville] | Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC) ; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft | Desert Botanical Garden | Humboldt State University (HSU) | V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest ; Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) | Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA) | Agricultural Research Organization | Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR) | Universiteit Leiden = Leiden University | Slovenian Forestry Institute | Universidad Pablo de Olavide [Sevilla] (UPO) | Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon = Université de Lisbonne (ULISBOA) | Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria | Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE) | University of Debrecen | Northern Forestry centre | Technological Educational Institute of Kavala | Institute of Terretrial Ecosystems | Open University of Cyprus | Department of Physics [Boulder] ; University of Colorado [Boulder] | Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff] | University of Novi Sad | Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET) | Università degli Studi del Molise = University of Molise (UNIMOL) | Instituto Argentino de Nivologia | Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU) | University of Alberta | University of Minnesota System (UMN) | Софийски университет = Sofia University | FP1106 FEDER 0087 TRANSHABITAT LIFE12 ENV/FI/000409 ;ANR-06VULN-004; EU HORIZON 659191
Tree mortality is a key factor influencing forest functions and dynamics, but our understanding of the mechanisms leading to mortality and the associated changes in tree growth rates are still limited. We compiled a new pan-continental tree-ring width database from sites where both dead and living trees were sampled (2970 dead and 4224 living trees from 190 sites, including 36 species), and compared early and recent growth rates between trees that died and those that survived a given mortality event. We observed a decrease in radial growth before death in ca. 84% of the mortality events. The extent and duration of these reductions were highly variable (1-100years in 96% of events) due to the complex interactions among study species and the source(s) of mortality. Strong and long-lasting declines were found for gymnosperms, shade- and drought-tolerant species, and trees that died from competition. Angiosperms and trees that died due to biotic attacks (especially bark-beetles) typically showed relatively small and short-term growth reductions. Our analysis did not highlight any universal trade-off between early growth and tree longevity within a species, although this result may also reflect high variability in sampling design among sites. The intersite and interspecific variability in growth patterns before mortality provides valuable information on the nature of the mortality process, which is consistent with our understanding of the physiological mechanisms leading to mortality. Abrupt changes in growth immediately before death can be associated with generalized hydraulic failure and/or bark-beetle attack, while long-term decrease in growth may be associated with a gradual decline in hydraulic performance coupled with depletion in carbon reserves. Our results imply that growth-based mortality algorithms may be a powerful tool for predicting gymnosperm mortality induced by chronic stress, but not necessarily so for angiosperms and in case of intense drought or bark-beetle outbreaks.
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