Lao People's Democratic Republic : Policy, Market and Agriculture Transition in the Northern Uplands

agricultural development agricultural growth agricultural land agricultural practices agricultural production agricultural products agricultural sector agricultural systems animal breeding animal husbandry animals aquaculture arable land beans biodiversity carbon carbon dioxide cash crops cassava commercialization compost contract farming cooperatives cotton crop residues crop rotation cropland decentralization deforestation degradation dry season economic development economic growth ecosystems eggs endangered species environmental degradation environmental protection eucalyptus extension farm income farmer farmers farming farming systems farms fertilizers fish fisheries food crops food insecurity food production food security food supply forest cover forest degradation forest grazing forest inventories forest land forest management forest products forest protection forest resources forest sector forest trees forestry forestry production forestry sector forests fruit trees fruits gardening gardens grasses grazing harvesting high-yielding varieties horticulture hunting imports income generation integrated rural development integration intercropping land access land allocation land degradation land tenure land use legumes livelihoods livestock production living conditions local authorities logging maize marketing meat mulch national income natural capital natural forests natural regeneration natural resources opium orchards organic agriculture overgrazing paddy peanuts perennial crops pesticide plantations planting poultry poverty alleviation primary forests private sector produce production costs production systems productivity public services rainforests reforestation regeneration rice rural poverty savings secondary forests seed seeds sericulture sesame shifting cultivation soil degradation soil erosion soil fertility subsistence sugar sugar cane sugarcane sustainable development sustainable forest management sustainable forestry tea timber tree crops trees tubers vegetables vegetation water resources water supply watershed management wood yields