Market Imperfections Exacerbate the Gender Gap

Palacios-Lopez, Amparo; López, Ramón

Market Imperfections Exacerbate the Gender Gap | The Case of Malawi

2015

Palacios-Lopez, Amparo | López, Ramón

This paper hypothesizes that labor and credit market imperfections—by discouraging off-farm income-generating activities and restricting access to inputs, respectively—affect female farm productivity more deeply than male productivity. The paper develops a theoretical model that decomposes the contribution of various market imperfections to the gender productivity gap. The paper shows empirically that agricultural labor productivity is on average 44 percent lower on plots managed by female heads of household than on those managed by male heads. Thirty-four percent of this gap is explained by differences in labor market access and 29 percent by differences in credit access.

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Palabras clave de AGROVOC

access to markets allocation budget capital child care consumption design development economics discrimination economic development economics effects efficiency elasticity employment equality females gender gender analysis gender equality household income households human resources immigration income information investment labor labour labour productivity land living standards management markets organizations participation participation of women policies prices production productivity profit resources risk role of women rural employment rural poverty service services standards state supply transaction costs unemployment united nations wage rate wages women women farmers working capital

Información bibliográfica

Editorial

World Bank, Washington, DC

Otras materias

Rights; Household work; Outcomes; Borrowing; Utility; Labor market discrimination; Productivity decomposition; Gender specific; Labor markets; Wage discrimination; Male headed households; Inequality; Gender inequalities; Economic efficiency; Household composition; Productivity growth; Wage employment; Male counterpart; Market failures; Labor allocation; Gender dimensions; Gender sensitivity; Gender discrimination; Household survey; Description; Value; Market wage; Household characteristics; Production function; Gender differences; Labor productivity; Female heads; Productivity distribution; Female headed households; Cost; Theory; Wage differentials; Gender gap; Female labor; Prevailing market wage; Adult male; Married women; Labor market outcomes; Factors of production; Gender disparity; Political economy; Opportunities for women; Household; Productivity gap; Labor supply; Female; Marginal productivity; Productivity effects; Rural labor markets; Present value; Rural labor; Market; Project; Productivity regressions; Security; Productivity regression; Interventions; Productivity effect; Wage inequality; Labor allocation decisions; Family labor; Labor market; Transfers; Labor economics; Human resources development; Human resource; Community; Women in agriculture; Wage gap; Efficiency wages

Idioma

Inglés

Formato

application/pdf, text/plain

Licencia

CC BY 3.0 IGO, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/, World Bank

Tipo

Working Paper; Work; Working Paper

En AGRIS desde: 2024-10-18

Fecha de modificación: 2026-02-18

Formato: Dublin Core

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Enlaces

DOI http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24611445/market-imperfections-exacerbate-gender-gap-case-malawi https://hdl.handle.net/10986/22175

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Market Imperfections Exacerbate the Gender Gap | The Case of Malawi

2015

Palabras clave de AGROVOC

Información bibliográfica