Who Is Benefiting from Fertilizer Subsidies in Indonesia?

agricultural development agricultural growth agricultural inputs agricultural land agricultural productivity agriculture ammonia aquaculture beans commercial credit compound fertilizers consumers cultivar deforestation degradation development strategy econometrics exports fao farm size farmer farmers farming farms fertilizer industry fertilizers food aid food crops food security grain horticulture household income housing human capital import quotas income irrigation monopoly nitrogen paddy plantations planting poverty alleviation poverty reduction produce production costs production functions rice rural poverty seed seeds small farmers soil degradation soil erosion soil quality spacing urea