Reuse of Water Contaminated by Microplastics, the Effectiveness of Filtration Processes: A Review
2022
Conesa, Juan A. | Ortuño García, Nuria | Conesa, Juan A. | Ortuño García, Nuria | Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ingeniería Química | Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de los Procesos Químicos | Residuos, Energía, Medio Ambiente y Nanotecnología (REMAN)
Water treatment generally does not specifically address the removal of microplastics (MPs). Nevertheless, treatment plants process water effectively, and the number of synthetic microparticles in effluents is usually very low. Still, discharge volumes from water-treatment plants are often elevated (reaching around 108 L/day), leading to the daily discharge of a substantial number of MPs and microfibers. Furthermore, MPs accumulate in the primary and secondary sludge, which in the end results in another environmental problem as they are currently used to amend soils, both for cultivation and forestry, leading to their dispersion. Something similar occurs with the treatment of water intended for human consumption, which has a much lower but still significant number of MPs. The amount of these pollutants being released into the environment depends on the processes that the water undergoes. One of the most-used treatment processes is rapid sand filtration, which is reviewed in this article. During the filtration process, MPs can break into smaller pieces, resulting in a greater number of plastic particles which mainly accumulate in sewage sludge. Thermal processes, such as incineration, carried out in facilities with the best available techniques in practice, could guarantee the safe disposal of highly MP-contaminated sewage sludges.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]This research was funded by MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INNOVATION (Spain), grant number PID2019-105359RB-I00, and by the UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE, grant number UAUSTI20-05.
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