Herbicidas que Afectan el Proceso de Fotosíntesis

Herbicides are chemical products, in their enormous integrity of synthetic origin, used in agriculture in order to minimize, interrupt or remove the development of unwanted plants, also known as weeds, on land that was or will be cultivated. For an herbicide to accomplish the task of maintaining control of weeds by harming their physiological and biochemical processes, it will have to penetrate inside the plants and move from the penetration sites to the place where it carries out its action. Most of the available herbicides interact with plant cells in ways that cause damage by interfering with the deployment of energy from sunlight. The mechanism of action, or site of action, of an herbicide is related to the specific metabolic pathway or specific biochemical site in the plant. All herbicides that inhibit photosynthesis to the degree of cytochrome QB of protein D1 stop photosynthetic electron transport. There is a clear division of herbicides that inhibit photosynthesis among which, according to experts, the following groups stand out; Group 1: triazines, substituted ureas and uracils, Group 2: Bipyridyls, Finally, group 3: triazoles. Triazines inhibit the transport of electrons in photosystem II, the damage they present is like leaf chlorosis or necrosis. Substituted Ureas: they work on photosynthesis and generate chlorosis, necrosis and death. If they are applied post-emergence, their action is contact. Bipyridyls: they have a high reducing potential which enables them to receive electrons from photosystem I. Triazoles: they inhibit the production of carotenoids, which is a substance that protects the chlorophyll molecule.

Herbicides are chemical products, in their enormous integrity of synthetic origin, used in agriculture in order to minimize, interrupt or remove the development of unwanted plants, also known as weeds, on land that was or will be cultivated. For an herbicide to accomplish the task of maintaining control of weeds by harming their physiological and biochemical processes, it will have to penetrate inside the plants and move from the penetration sites to the place where it carries out its action. Most of the available herbicides interact with plant cells in ways that cause damage by interfering with the deployment of energy from sunlight. The mechanism of action, or site of action, of an herbicide is related to the specific metabolic pathway or specific biochemical site in the plant. All herbicides that inhibit photosynthesis to the degree of cytochrome QB of protein D1 stop photosynthetic electron transport. There is a clear division of herbicides that inhibit photosynthesis among which, according to experts, the following groups stand out; Group 1: triazines, substituted ureas and uracils, Group 2: Bipyridyls, Finally, group 3: triazoles. Triazines inhibit the transport of electrons in photosystem II, the damage they present is like leaf chlorosis or necrosis. Substituted Ureas: they work on photosynthesis and generate chlorosis, necrosis and death. If they are applied post-emergence, their action is contact. Bipyridyls: they have a high reducing potential which enables them to receive electrons from photosystem I. Triazoles: they inhibit the production of carotenoids, which is a substance that protects the chlorophyll molecule.

Los herbicidas son productos químicos, en su enorme integridad de procedencia sintético, usados en la agricultura con el fin de minimizar, interrumpir o remover el desarrollo de plantas indeseadas, además conocidas como malezas, en terrenos que fueron o serán cultivados. Para que un herbicida logre consumar la tarea de mantener el control de las malezas perjudicando sus procesos fisiológicos y bioquímicos, tendrá que penetrar al interior de las plantas y desplazarse a partir de los sitios de penetración hasta el lugar donde lleva a cabo su acción. La mayor parte de los herbicidas accesibles interactúan con las células vegetales de forma tal que ocasionan perjuicios al interferir con la implementación de la energía de la luz solar. El mecanismo de acción, o lugar de acción, de un herbicida tiene relación con la ruta metabólica específica o el lugar bioquímico específico en la planta. Todos los herbicidas que inhiben la fotosíntesis a grado del citocromo QB de la proteína D1, detienen el transporte electrónico fotosintético. Existe una clara división de los herbicidas que inhiben la fotosíntesis entre los cuales según expertos destacan los siguientes grupos; el Grupo 1: las triazinas, las ureas sustituidas y los uracilos, Grupo 2: Bipiridilos, Por último, el grupo 3: triazoles. Las triazinas inhiben el transporte de electrones en el fotosistema II, los daños que presentan son como clorosis o necrosis foliar. Las Ureas sustituidas: trabajan sobre la fotosíntesis y generan clorosis, necrosis y muerte. Si son aplicadas en postemergencia su acción es de contacto. Bipiridilos: poseen un elevado potencial reductor lo cual les posibilita recibir los electrones oriundos del fotosistema I. Triazoles: inhiben la producción de carotenoides, la cual es una sustancia que resguarda a la molécula de clorofila.