Exigencias edáficas de los pastos Panicum maximun Jacq y Brachiaria decumbens en la zona tropical del Ecuador

The present work of practical component of complex examination was carried out with the objective of describing the edaphic demands of the grasses Panicum maximun Jacq and Brachiaria decumbens in the tropical zone of Ecuador. The methodology used corresponded to the descriptive type, through the search of texts, magazines, theses, virtual libraries and scientific articles that later provided the pertinent ordering, analysis and summary of the work described. Soil and climate conditions establish the most common types of forage in a region, their solid and liquid phases coexist in equilibrium, but the amount of nutrients in the soil solution is insufficient to sustain plant growth. The productive potential of a crop is given by the characteristics of the soil, which can be modified by climate, management and land use. The proportion of the components determines a series of physical properties of the soil, such as the texture, structure, consistency, density, aeration, temperature and color, while the chemical composition includes the average of the reaction of a soil (pH) and nutrients . Soil fertility has a great influence on forage productivity and quality and its crude protein content. Therefore, it is necessary to use inputs that help increase biomass productivity, ensuring adequate voluntary consumption by the animal. It is necessary to establish soil fertilization programs based on soil analysis in order to cover the difference between the nutrients that are not available in the soil in order to achieve better yields, also taking into account other factors such as grazing frequency, height of the plant, mowing frequency, the soil, the climate and the time of year.

The present work of practical component of complex examination was carried out with the objective of describing the edaphic demands of the grasses Panicum maximun Jacq and Brachiaria decumbens in the tropical zone of Ecuador. The methodology used corresponded to the descriptive type, through the search of texts, magazines, theses, virtual libraries and scientific articles that later provided the pertinent ordering, analysis and summary of the work described. Soil and climate conditions establish the most common types of forage in a region, their solid and liquid phases coexist in equilibrium, but the amount of nutrients in the soil solution is insufficient to sustain plant growth. The productive potential of a crop is given by the characteristics of the soil, which can be modified by climate, management and land use. The proportion of the components determines a series of physical properties of the soil, such as the texture, structure, consistency, density, aeration, temperature and color, while the chemical composition includes the average of the reaction of a soil (pH) and nutrients . Soil fertility has a great influence on forage productivity and quality and its crude protein content. Therefore, it is necessary to use inputs that help increase biomass productivity, ensuring adequate voluntary consumption by the animal. It is necessary to establish soil fertilization programs based on soil analysis in order to cover the difference between the nutrients that are not available in the soil in order to achieve better yields, also taking into account other factors such as grazing frequency, height of the plant, mowing frequency, the soil, the climate and the time of year.

El presente trabajo de componente práctico de examen complexivo se realizó con el objetivo de describir las exigencias edáficas de los pastos Panicum maximun Jacq y Brachiaria decumbens en la zona tropical del Ecuador. La metodología usada correspondió al tipo descriptivo, mediante la búsqueda de textos, revistas, tesis, bibliotecas virtuales y artículos científicos que proporcionaron luego el pertinente ordenamiento, análisis y resumen del trabajo descrito. Las condiciones de suelo y clima establecen los tipos de forrajes más comunes en una región, sus fases sólidas y liquidas cohabitan en equilibrio, pero la cantidad de nutrientes en la solución del suelo son insuficientes para sostener el crecimiento de las plantas. El potencial productivo de un cultivo se da por las características del suelo, mismos que pueden modificarse por el clima, manejo y del uso del suelo. La proporción de los componentes determina una serie de propiedades físicas del suelo, tales como la textura, estructura, consistencia, densidad, aireación, temperatura y color, mientras que la composición química incluye la media de la reacción de un suelo (pH) y nutrientes. La fertilidad de los suelos tiene gran influencia sobre la productividad y la calidad del forraje y su contenido de proteína cruda. Por lo que es necesario el uso de insumos que ayuden a aumentar la productividad de biomasa asegurando un adecuado consumo voluntario por el animal. Es necesario establecer programas de fertilización edáfica basados a un análisis de suelo con el propósito de cubrir la diferencia entre los nutrientes que no están disponibles en el suelo para poder lograr mejores rendimientos, tomando en cuenta también otros factores como la frecuencia de pastoreo, altura de la planta, frecuencia de corte, el suelo, el clima y la época del año.