Pesticidas agrícolas y su efecto en el suelo

With agriculture came the need for the use of substances or products known as pesticides, which help combat pests and diseases that affect the production and yield of crops. Countless studies support the efficacy of these substances or products on pests, but there is little documented information on the effect that agricultural pesticides cause on the soil. The objective was to determine the effects that agricultural pesticides cause on soils, for effect, the documentary research methodology was used by collecting information from books, scientific articles, texts, magazines, lectures, conferences and web pages. The information was processed through the technique of analysis, synthesis and summary, determined that pesticides of a chemical nature can persist over time in an active way in the soil, remaining for months or even years. The use of pesticides corresponds to diffuse contamination; Its effects are unfavorable for the soil due to the decrease in its self-purifying capacity and as a vital shelter for the diversity of biotic organisms, this is manifested in the decrease of the yield and quality of the crops. The analyzed information allowed to conclude that the increasing dependence and indiscriminate use of pesticides of a persistent chemical nature, entail damages in the ecological-environmental balance that prevent the self-purification and self-regulation of the soil ecosystem, in addition, indirectly there is contamination of surface and groundwater. For the above detailed it is recommended to promote in the farmer the use of agricultural pesticides of a biological nature and to encourage the producers in the integrated management of pests.

With agriculture came the need for the use of substances or products known as pesticides, which help combat pests and diseases that affect the production and yield of crops. Countless studies support the efficacy of these substances or products on pests, but there is little documented information on the effect that agricultural pesticides cause on the soil. The objective was to determine the effects that agricultural pesticides cause on soils, for effect, the documentary research methodology was used by collecting information from books, scientific articles, texts, magazines, lectures, conferences and web pages. The information was processed through the technique of analysis, synthesis and summary, determined that pesticides of a chemical nature can persist over time in an active way in the soil, remaining for months or even years. The use of pesticides corresponds to diffuse contamination; Its effects are unfavorable for the soil due to the decrease in its self-purifying capacity and as a vital shelter for the diversity of biotic organisms, this is manifested in the decrease of the yield and quality of the crops. The analyzed information allowed to conclude that the increasing dependence and indiscriminate use of pesticides of a persistent chemical nature, entail damages in the ecological-environmental balance that prevent the self-purification and self-regulation of the soil ecosystem, in addition, indirectly there is contamination of surface and groundwater. For the above detailed it is recommended to promote in the farmer the use of agricultural pesticides of a biological nature and to encourage the producers in the integrated management of pests.

Con la agricultura surgió la necesidad del uso de sustancias o productos conocidos como pesticidas, que ayuden a combatir plagas y enfermedades que afectan la producción y rendimiento de los cultivos. Innumerables estudios respaldan la eficacia de estas sustancias o productos sobre las plagas, pero existe poca información documentada del efecto que los pesticidas agrícolas causan sobre el suelo. El objetivo fue determinar los efectos que causan los pesticidas agrícolas en los suelos, para efecto, se empleó la metodología de investigación documental mediante recopilación de información de libros, artículos científicos, textos, revistas, ponencias, congresos y páginas web. La información se procesó mediante la técnica de análisis, síntesis y resumen, determinado que los pesticidas de naturaleza química pueden persistir en el tiempo de manera activa en el en el suelo permaneciendo meses o incluso años. El uso de plaguicidas corresponde a la contaminación difusa; sus efectos son desfavorables para el suelo por la disminución de su capacidad autodepuradora y como albergue vital de diversidad de organismos bióticos, esto se manifiestan en la disminución del rendimiento y calidad de los cultivos. La información analizada permitió concluir que la creciente dependencia y el uso indiscriminado de plaguicidas de naturaleza química persistente, acarrean consigo daños en el equilibrio ecológico – ambiental que impiden la autodepuración y autorregulación del ecosistema suelo, además, indirectamente se produce contaminación de aguas superficiales y freáticas. Por lo anteriormente detallado se recomienda promover en el agricultor el uso de plaguicidas agrícolas de naturaleza biológica y fomentar en los productores en el manejo integrado de plagas.