Survey of leafhopper species in almond orchards infected with almond witches'-broom phytoplasma in Lebanon
2011
Dakhil H.A. | Hammad E.A.-F. | El-Mohtar C. | Abou-Jawdah Y. | Dakhil, H.A., Department of Agricultural Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon | Hammad, E.A.-F., Department of Agricultural Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon | El-Mohtar, C., Department of Agricultural Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon | Abou-Jawdah, Y., Department of Agricultural Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon | Hammad, E.A.-F.; Department of Agricultural Sciences, American University of BeirutLebanon; email: [email protected] | University: American University of Beirut; Faculty: Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences; Department: Agricultural Sciences; | Agricultural Sciences | [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] | Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences | Dakhil, HA | Hammad, EAF | El-Mohtar, C | Abou-Jawdah, Y | Hammad, EAF (reprint author), Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Agr Sci, Beirut, Lebanon. | American University of Beirut
Leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) account for more than 80percent of all Auchenorrhynchous vectors that transmit phytoplasmas. The leafhopper populations in two almond witches'-broom phytoplasma (AlmWB) infected sites: Tanboureet (south of Lebanon) and Bourj El Yahoudieh (north of Lebanon) were surveyed using yellow sticky traps. The survey revealed that the most abundant species was Asymmetrasca decedens, which represented 82.4percent of all the leafhoppers sampled. Potential phytoplasma vectors in members of the subfamilies Aphrodinae, Deltocephalinae, and Megophthalminae were present in very low numbers including: Aphrodes makarovi, Cicadulina bipunctella, Euscelidius mundus, Fieberiella macchiae, Allygus theryi, Circulifer haematoceps, Neoaliturus transversalis, and Megophthalmus scabripennis. Allygus theryi (Horvth) (Deltocephalinae) was reported for the first time in Lebanon. Nested PCR analysis and sequencing showed that Asymmetrasca decedens, Empoasca decipiens, Fieberiella macchiae, Euscelidius mundus, Thamnottetix seclusis, Balclutha sp., Lylatina inexpectata, Allygus sp., and Annoplotettix danutae were nine potential carriers of AlmWB phytoplasma. Although the detection of phytoplasmas in an insect does not prove a definite vector relationship, the technique is useful in narrowing the search for potential vectors. The importance of this information for management of AlmWB is discussed.
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