An antifouling model from the sea: a review of 25 years of zosteric acid studies
2017
Vilas-Boas C. | Sousa E. | Pinto M. | Correia-da-Silva M. | CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental
Many studies have shown that natural marine compounds can prevent biofouling by a broad spectrum of organisms without toxic effects, encouraging their use in antifouling (AF) coatings. Studies over the past 25 years of the natural product zosteric acid (ZA) are systematically organized in this review. ZA is a sulfated phenolic acid produced by the seagrass Zostera marina that has very promising AF potential against several micro- and macrofouling organisms. ZA was shown to have appropriate environmental fate parameters such as high water solubility, a low log P, low bioaccumulation, and no ecotoxicity, which demonstrated the potential of ZA as a safe AF agent. This review also highlights that ZA has been successfully incorporated into several types of coatings. The synthesis of analogs is also considered in this review, and it has allowed a better understanding of ZA structure–AF activity relationships and clarified the mechanism of action of ZA. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]This research was supported through national funds provided by Fundação da Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT/MCTES, PIDDAC) [grant number PTDC/AAG-TEC/0739/2014]; European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the COMPETE – Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade (POFC) program [grant number POCI-01–0145-FEDER-016793] and– Reforçar a Investigação, o Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e a Inovação (RIDTI, Project 9471).
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