Microbial planktonic communities characterization in sea surface waters at South of Pico Island, using molecular techniques | Caracterização da comunidade microplanctónica em águas superficiais marinhas a Sul da Ilha do Pico, através do uso de técnicas moleculares

Relatório de Estágio da Licenciatura em Biologia Marinha

Even though about 70% of the Earth is covered by the connected water mass of the global ocean, and despite the paramount importance of microbial plankton for the functioning of the marine ecosystem, global perspectives on diversity and distribution of these organisms have been largely overlooked. This work here present is integrated in DEECON, LAMAR and CIMBA interdisciplinary projects. The main focus of this work was to determine microplanktonic diversity patterns for the south of Pico Island region (Azores archipelago, NE Atlantic) and to relate these with local dynamics. The sampling effort was concentrated on south of Pico Island (38.5o-37.8o N, 27.5o-29.0o W), a main «coastal». target region for DEECON since it harbors a black scabbardfish population (Aphanopus intermedius). Thus far, there is no obvious reasoning for this deep water fish habitat isolation within south of Pico Island basin. The present work was developed in an attempt to improve our knowledge on the unique oceanographic characteristics of this area using microbial community fingerprinting as an indicator of surface waters dynamics that might shape environmental partition within the area. For this, surface water samples were collected during 2007 and 2008 cruises. These samples were filtered and preserved onboard the R/V «Arquipélago». The microbial community diversity was assessed using a molecular phylogenetic approach based on partial 16S rDNAs, screened using molecular methods like DGGE. As a major outcome of this work three distinct biogeographical provinces are proposed based on multiple lines of evidence (Archaea distribution pattern, Bacteria microplanktonic community structure, and unicellular Eukarya richness). These provinces include 1) south of Pico Island, south eastern Agulha do Sul (Gigante) seamount, and southern Cavala seamount. 2) Northwestern Agulha do Sul (Gigante), Cavala (except southern Cavala) and Northern Monte Alto seamount area. 3) Voador and Monte Alto (with exception of northern Monte Alto) seamount.